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Sociology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sociology > the scientific study of human ______ & human ________

A

behavior and institution

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2
Q

science > a systematic study of the structure & behavior of the world through ______ & ________

A

observation and experience

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3
Q

the way something acts / conducts itself

A

behavior

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4
Q

how something behaves on its own

A

solitary behavior

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5
Q

how something acts around others

A

social behavior

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6
Q

society shapes our ______ & _______

A

attitudes & behavior

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7
Q

the belief that people’s social backgrounds influence their attitudes, behaviors, and life chances

A

sociological perspective

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8
Q

the amount of success people will reach in education, income, and health

A

life chances

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9
Q

society > a group of people who live within a defined ______ and share a common _______

A

territory, culture

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10
Q

a) go beyond superficial understanding of social reality
b) see deeper meanings of social interaction

A

the debunking motif

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11
Q

the debunking motif can help recognize the value of ________ ________

A

alternative understanding

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12
Q

the social pattern through which society is organized

A

social structure

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13
Q

the social relationships and social & physical characteristics of communities people belong to

A

horizontal social structure

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14
Q

the unequal distribution of resources such as, WEALTH, that a society values

A

vertical social structure

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15
Q

people’s position in society’s hierarchy have profound consequences for their ____,______, and _______

A

attitudes, behaviors, and life chances

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16
Q

problems in society that underlie personal troubles (ex. low pay rates, poverty)

A

public issues

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17
Q

the realization that personal troubles are rooted in public issues

A

sociological imagination

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18
Q

the belief that people experiencing difficulties are to blame for the problems they are experiencing

A

blaming the victom

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19
Q

part of sociology that deals with issues involving large-scale social changes in social institutions

A

macro-sociology

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20
Q

research methods are used which have been developed and critiqued through schooling, training, etc.

A

organized

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21
Q

done according to an established procedure

A

methodical

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22
Q

series of steps to collect information or solve problems

A

scientific method

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23
Q

5 steps of scientific method

A

observation, hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, conclusion

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24
Q

gaining information of the outside world through our senses

A

observation

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25
Q

suggested solution for an unexplained incident that does not fit into current accepted scientific ideas

A

hypothesis

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26
Q

basic idea of hypothesis is that there is ____ _______ _____

A

no predetermined outcome

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27
Q

a true scientist will hope the experiment results in ______ ______, not true or false results

A

accurate information

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28
Q

a series of actions performed in order to test the accuracy of a hypothesis

A

experimentation

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29
Q

_____ is the desired result of an experiment

A

truth

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30
Q

social science experiments are governed by _____ ____ ______

A

Code of Ethics

31
Q

moral guidelines that influence a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity

A

ethics

32
Q

used to analyze statistical analysis programs which perform complex mathematical operations

A

quantitive analysis

33
Q

can’t be analyzed using mathematical analysis

A

qualitative (descriptive data)

34
Q

short summary (usually written) that discusses the overall-results of an experiment

A

conclusion

35
Q

you can _____ the hypothesis

A

reject

36
Q

you can’t prove the hypothesis with a single experiment because of the _______ _____ ______

A

possibility of error

37
Q

your results either _____ or do not ______ the original hypothesis

A

support

38
Q

once the experiment is done, the results need to be published in a _______ ______ ______

A

peer reviewed journal

39
Q

a statement that can be proven true or false

A

fact

40
Q

able to be trusted because of past accuracy

A

reliable

41
Q

whether it can be proven to be true

A

verifiability

42
Q

verifiability can be done by _____ ______ other facts that are already proven true

A

comparing against

43
Q

scientific facts are verified by ______ _____

A

repeated observations

44
Q

facts are usually ______ of ______

A

independent of belief

45
Q

facts are ______

A

objective

46
Q

opinions are ______

A

subjective

47
Q

not influenced by personal feelings/opinions

A

objective

48
Q

influenced by personal feelings

A

subjective

49
Q

refusal to adjust beliefs when presented with evidence that your belief is wrong

A

denial

50
Q

the goal of sociology is to study _______

A

generalization

51
Q

a statement that describes the tendencies of a group, rather than a law that describes a group

A

generalization

52
Q

why are there no laws in sociology?

A

humans have free will

53
Q

sometimes traditional thinking turns out to be ______ and ______

A

inaccurate and outdated

54
Q

the action or process of taking samples of something for analysis

A

sampling

55
Q

everyone in population has the same chance of being included in a survey

A

random sampling

56
Q

random sampling allows you to _______ _____ _____ of the sample to the population where it comes from

A

generalize the results

57
Q

non-random sampling that is used because it is relatively quick & inexpensive to obtain

A

convenience sampling

58
Q

non-random sampling in which the sample is taken according to predefined characteristics so that the sample resembles these characteristics of the sample as closely as possible

A

quota sampling

59
Q

what is known as “n”

A

the number of people surveyed

60
Q

the higher the “n” the better chance of _______ the results

A

generalizing

61
Q

researchers must protect ______ and ______

A

privacy and confidentiality

62
Q

subjects must sign ______ forms

A

consent

63
Q

the use of a variety of communication techniques that create an emotional appeal

A

propaganda

64
Q

3 reasons propaganda is used

A
  1. accept a particular belief
  2. to adopt a certain behavior
  3. to perform a particular action
65
Q

propaganda over uses ____ and ______

A

adjectives and adverbs

66
Q

best method to find the truth

A

interrogation

67
Q

a word that asks a question about a subject that we want to learn more about

A

interrogative

68
Q

the sociological study of large-scale social systems and long-term patterns and processes

A

macrosociology

69
Q

a statement that proposes to describe and explain why facts or other social phenomenon are related to each other based on observed patterns

A

theory

70
Q

the lifelong process of an individual or group learning the expceted norms and customs of a group or society through social interaction

A

socialization

71
Q

a process where various groups are combined in order to make a unified society

A

social integration

72
Q

a social condition defined by an uprooting or breakdown of any moral values, standards or guidance for individuals to follow

A

aniome

73
Q

the social order that is dominated by the so-called middle class (Karl Marx)

A

bourgeoisie

74
Q

3 things inequality is based on

A

-social economic status
-gender
-ethnic group

Sociology (4 decks)

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