exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics shared by all animals?

A

(their features are not unique, but only animals share all of these features all together “at the same time”)
1. multicellular
2. ingestive heterotrophs (obtain energy from consuming
other organisms, but still have different feeding
strategies)
3. lack a cell wall
4. are motile/mobile
typically reproduce sexually
5. are usually able to rapidly respond to stimuli

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2
Q

suspension feeders

A

filter particles suspended in water or air

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3
Q

deposit feeders

A

eat through a substrate (worms getting nutrients from within the soil they eat)

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4
Q

fluid feeders

A

suck or mop up liquids (bees with nectar)

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5
Q

mass feeders

A

take chunks of food into their mouths

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6
Q

herbivores

A

eat plants or algae

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7
Q

carnivores

A

eat other animals

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8
Q

detrivores

A

feed on dead organic matter

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9
Q

omnivores

A

eat both plants and animals

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10
Q

predators

A

kill other organisms for food

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11
Q

parasites

A

harvest nutrients from a host without causing death

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12
Q

endoparasite

A

parasite that lives within its host

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13
Q

ectoparasite

A

parasite that lives outside its host

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14
Q

what are the trends that animal evolution has shown over time?

A
  1. an increase in the level of cellular
    organization and speciation
  2. the presence and type of body
    plan symmetry
  3. the degree of cephalization
  4. the differences in the presence
    and type of body cavity
  5. the presence of segmentation
  6. the structure of the digestive
    system
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15
Q

what is the trend shown in the vertebrate phylum

A

an increase in brain size and sophistication

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16
Q

tissues

A

special cells that have organized
- groups of similar cells integrated into a single functional unit
- individual muscle fibers are an example
- sponges have specialized cells, but they act independently of death other, not as a true unit

17
Q

organ

A

several tissue types can combine to form an _____
- two or more different tissues integrated to perform a specialized function
- the stomach, kidney, and eye are all good examples
- jellyfish have different tissues, but no true organs