exam 4

Question 1

what are the characteristics shared by all animals?

Answer 1

(their features are not unique, but only animals share all of these features all together “at the same time”)
1. multicellular
2. ingestive heterotrophs (obtain energy from consuming
other organisms, but still have different feeding
strategies)
3. lack a cell wall
4. are motile/mobile
typically reproduce sexually
5. are usually able to rapidly respond to stimuli

Question 2

suspension feeders

Answer 2

filter particles suspended in water or air

Question 3

deposit feeders

Answer 3

eat through a substrate (worms getting nutrients from within the soil they eat)

Question 4

fluid feeders

Answer 4

suck or mop up liquids (bees with nectar)

Question 5

mass feeders

Answer 5

take chunks of food into their mouths

Question 6

herbivores

Answer 6

eat plants or algae

Question 7

carnivores

Answer 7

eat other animals

Question 8

detrivores

Answer 8

feed on dead organic matter

Question 9

omnivores

Answer 9

eat both plants and animals

Question 10

predators

Answer 10

kill other organisms for food

Question 11

parasites

Answer 11

harvest nutrients from a host without causing death

Question 12

endoparasite

Answer 12

parasite that lives within its host

Question 13

ectoparasite

Answer 13

parasite that lives outside its host

Question 14

what are the trends that animal evolution has shown over time?

Answer 14

1. an increase in the level of cellular
   organization and speciation
2. the presence and type of body
   plan symmetry
3. the degree of cephalization
4. the differences in the presence
   and type of body cavity
5. the presence of segmentation
6. the structure of the digestive
   system

Question 15

what is the trend shown in the vertebrate phylum

Answer 15

an increase in brain size and sophistication

Question 16

tissues

Answer 16

special cells that have organized
- groups of similar cells integrated into a single functional unit
- individual muscle fibers are an example
- sponges have specialized cells, but they act independently of death other, not as a true unit

Question 17

organ

Answer 17

several tissue types can combine to form an _____
- two or more different tissues integrated to perform a specialized function
- the stomach, kidney, and eye are all good examples
- jellyfish have different tissues, but no true organs