exam 4 Flashcards
what are the characteristics shared by all animals?
(their features are not unique, but only animals share all of these features all together “at the same time”)
1. multicellular
2. ingestive heterotrophs (obtain energy from consuming
other organisms, but still have different feeding
strategies)
3. lack a cell wall
4. are motile/mobile
typically reproduce sexually
5. are usually able to rapidly respond to stimuli
suspension feeders
filter particles suspended in water or air
deposit feeders
eat through a substrate (worms getting nutrients from within the soil they eat)
fluid feeders
suck or mop up liquids (bees with nectar)
mass feeders
take chunks of food into their mouths
herbivores
eat plants or algae
carnivores
eat other animals
detrivores
feed on dead organic matter
omnivores
eat both plants and animals
predators
kill other organisms for food
parasites
harvest nutrients from a host without causing death
endoparasite
parasite that lives within its host
ectoparasite
parasite that lives outside its host
what are the trends that animal evolution has shown over time?
- an increase in the level of cellular
organization and speciation - the presence and type of body
plan symmetry - the degree of cephalization
- the differences in the presence
and type of body cavity - the presence of segmentation
- the structure of the digestive
system
what is the trend shown in the vertebrate phylum
an increase in brain size and sophistication