exam 3: all about plants Flashcards
alternation of generations
one generation is composed of a diploid sporophyte phase, the other a haploid gametophyte phase, and they alternate.
sporophyte generation
What is it? How are the ____ produced?
diploid phase, zygote, haploid spores are produced via meiosis
gametophyte generation
What is it? How are the ____ produced?
a haploid phase where haploid gametes are produced by mitosis, with those same gametes eventually fusing to produce a diploid zygote. The zygote will then grow into a new sporophyte generation
Charophytes
freshwater green algae groups plants are very closely related to, evolution, also called Coelochaetophyceae and Charophyceae
zygote
a fertilized egg. in alternations of generations, sporophyte generation, spores are formed when this zygote undergoes meiosis
lignin
a rigid polymer that provides support to plants in order to stay upright, maximizing surface area
sporopollenin
another tough material that coats the walls of plant spores, making them tough and watertight. Charophytes surround their zygotes in this material to prevent them from drying out
cuticle
a waxy tissue covering the surface that limits water loss
stomata
pores in leaves that allow for gas exchange, but also close themselves to limit water loss because of evaporation
Bryophytes
Name 5 overcompassing details
the most primitive division in the plant kingdom.
a. lack true roots, stems, or leaves, instead have rhizoids
b. lack well-developed structures for transporting water
c. their reproduction is predominately asexual
d. the dominant, leafy form of these plants is the gametophyte generation (haploid)
e. three major groups within the bryophyte division include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Rhizoid
root-like structures in non-vascular plants made up of long tubular single cells/filaments of cells. Not composed of tissue
brood body
small plantlets on mosses that break away and grow into new offspring, fragmentation
Gametangium
specialized structures to prevent gametes from drying out, in non-vascular plants. the gametes are usually in two different organisms in these structures
antheridium
contains the sperm, inside a gametangium, for non-vascular seedless plants
archegonium
contains the egg, inside a gametangium, for non-vascular seedless plants
protonema
one-celled, thick filament that emerges from the spores and eventually develops into the moss plant