exam 4

Question 1

within subjects design (paired/repeated measures)

Answer 1

the same participant gets all the treatments that everyone else got

Question 2

advantages to within subjects design

Answer 2

-eliminates worry about individual differences because you have the same people being studied twice
-requires fewer participants
-each subjects is their own control

Question 3

which is more powerful - within subjects or between

Answer 3

within subjects design

Question 4

order effects

Answer 4

performance in one condition is influenced by participation in another condition

Question 5

carry over effect

Answer 5

lingering after effects of one of the earlier treatment conditions
-specifc treatment condition produces a lasting change in the participants

Question 6

progressive error

Answer 6

changes in behavior that are related to experience in the project (but not to one specific condition)
-fatigue, practice, retro memory

Question 7

order effects as confounds

Answer 7

if all subjects relieve the treatment conditions in the same order, then order effects can potentially be a confounding variable

Question 8

counterbalancing

Answer 8

distributes the order effects across the treatments evenly

Question 9

complete counter balancing

Answer 9

subjects are run in all possible sequences of treatments

Question 10

partial counter balancing

Answer 10

s a way of ordering the presentation of levels of the independent variable to minimize some of the effects of sequential confounding variables.

Question 11

latin square

Answer 11

design that helps to control for sequencing effects in within-subjects designs

Question 12

contrast effects

Answer 12

wondering if being exposed to all levels of the independent variable changed behavior in one or more conditions

Question 13

oppenihiemer

Answer 13

-belief in a just and orderly world
-compared dutch children and adults
-belief decreases w age and more w social inequality

Question 14

langer and rodin

Answer 14

two groups of elderly people on different floors
a. responsible group
b. no responsibility group
— found that group a was happier, more alert and lived longer

Question 15

quasi experiment

Answer 15

a design that is like an experimental design but lacks the key ingredient of random assignment to groups.

Question 16

quasi experiment lack

Answer 16

-random assignment (between subject)
-counter balancing (within subjects)
-IV cant be manipulated
-has some protection against validity threats

Question 17

non experimental

Answer 17

research design not having protection from the threats to internal validity provided by experimental or quasi-experimental designs.

Question 18

between subjects

Answer 18

subject grouped together by factors other than random assignment and then given different treatments

Question 19

between subjects concern

Answer 19

lack of random assignment

Question 20

differential research design

Answer 20

comparing pre existing groups defined by some participant variable
-no manipulation of IV or random assignment to groups

Question 21

postest only non equivalent control design

Answer 21

experimenter administers treatment to one pre-existing , not to the other
-problem: its measured after treatment

Question 22

pretest -postest non equivalent control group design

Answer 22

both groups are measured before the treatment as well as after
-protects against possibility that groups were different to begin with

Question 23

pre-post

Answer 23

one group is observed before and after a treatment is put into place
-no counter balancing
-might be used if a treatment is permanent or long lasting

Question 24

one group pretest postest design

Answer 24

consists of measure, treatment, measure

Question 25

time series design

Answer 25

multiple measurements before and after treatment
-useful if treatment takes a while to start working

Question 26

interrupted time series design

Answer 26

determining effect of a naturally occuring event (cant control) in a time series
-ptsd and catastrophe

Question 27

second hand smoke of montana

Answer 27

smoking ban and then the ban got taken away
-interrupted time series design

Question 28

developmental research

Answer 28

no manipulation/ random assignment

Question 29

developmental research

Answer 29

no manipulation/ random assignment

Question 30

cross sectional design

Answer 30

people of different ages (cohorts) examined at the same time
strength = short term
weakness - cohort effects - differences may be due to different in histories

Question 31

longitudinal

Answer 31

testing the same group over time
strength - avoid cohorts
weakness - long term, attrition and or mortality

Question 32

rodman and berger one factor

Answer 32

2 levels of IV or quasi IV

Question 33

factorial design

Answer 33

an experimental design containing more than one independent variable in which every level of each independent variable is combined with every other level