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experimental psychology > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

research strategy

A

a general approach to reseach determined by the kind of question that the research study hopes to answer

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2
Q

description research strategy

A

description of individual variables

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3
Q

linear relationship

A

increasing straight line

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4
Q

positive relationship

A

as one varaible increases, so does the other

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5
Q

negative relationship

A

as one variable increases, the other decreases

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6
Q

correlational research strategy

A

only attempts to describe the relationship

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7
Q

experimental research strategy

A

intended to answer cause and effect questions about the relationship between two variables

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8
Q

quasi experimental research strategy

A

involves the manipulation of an independent variable without the random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions.

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9
Q

nonexperimental research strategy

A

inteneded to demonstrate a relationship between variables but does not attempt to explain the relationship

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10
Q

purpose of descriptive research

A

produce a description of individual variables as they exist within a specific group

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11
Q

purpose of correlation research

A

produce a description of the relationship between two variables but does not attempt to explain the relationship

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12
Q

purpose of quasi-experimental

A

attempt to produce a cause and experiment but fall short

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13
Q

purpose of non experimental research

A

produce a description of the relationship between 2 variables but do not attempt to explain the relationship

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14
Q

research design

A

a general plan for implementing a research strategy
1. group vs individual
2. same individuals versus different individuals
3. the number of variables to be included

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15
Q

research procedure

A

is an exact, step by step description of a specific research study

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16
Q

external validity

A

the extent to which we can generalize the results of a research study to people, settings, measures, and characteristics other than those used in that study

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17
Q

threat to external validity

A

is any characteristic of a study that limits the ability to generalize the results from a research study

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18
Q

internal validity

A

it produces a single explaination for the relationship between two variables

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19
Q

threat to internal validity

A

any factor that allows for alternative explanation

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20
Q

the degree to which your research results generalize beyond the specific characteristics of your study refer to

A

external validity

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21
Q

selection bias

A

sampling procedure favors the selection of some individuals over others

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22
Q

volunteer bias

A

volunteers dont perfectlt represent the general population

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23
Q

participant characteristics

A

threat to external validity if participants chosen are similar

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24
Q

cross species generalizations

A

research conducted with nonhumans and prosumed to applicable to humans

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25
Q

novelty effect

A

participants percieve or respond differently because they are excited or anxious

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26
Q

sensitization

A

raises the question of wether the results obtained in a research study using assessment are different from results in the real world

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27
Q

confounding variable

A

extranous variable the changes systemiatically along with the two variables being studied

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28
Q

participant variables

A

height, weight, gender, age

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29
Q

time related variable

A

threat for designs that compare one group over time

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30
Q

which of the following describes that exists but is not being directly examined

A

extraneous

31
Q

what aspect of a study is threatened if the participants are tested in one treatment condition at one time and then tested in second treatment condition at a different time

A

internal validty

32
Q

minimizes the potential for experimentor bias

A

single blind and double blind

33
Q

demand characterisitcs

A

any of the potential cues or features of a study that suggests to participants what the purpose and hypothesis is and influence the participant responds or behaves a certain way

34
Q

true experiment

A

must demonstrate that changes in one variable are directly responsible for causing changes in the second variable

35
Q

4 elements of an experiment

A

manipulation
measurment
comparison
control

36
Q

independent variable

A

variable manipulated by the researcher

37
Q

dependent variable

A

variable observed for changes in assess to the effects of manipulating the independent variable

38
Q

levels

A

different values of the indenpendent variable selected to create and define the treatment conditions

39
Q

manipulation

A

consists of identifying the specific values of the independent variable to be examined and then creating a set of treatment conditions to the set of identified values

40
Q

randomization

A

use of a random process to help avoid a systematic relationship between two variables

41
Q

random assignment

A

use of random process to assign participants to treatment conditions

42
Q

which of the following is the primary goal for randomly assigning participants to treatment conditions in an experiment

A
43
Q

experimental condition

A

condition in which the treatment is administered

44
Q

control conditon

A

the condition in which the treatment is not administered

45
Q

no treatment control condition

A

condition in which the participants do not receive the treatment being evaluated

46
Q

placebo

A

fake treatment

47
Q

placebo effect

A

postivie response by a participant to an inert medication that has no real effect on the body

48
Q

placebo control condition

A

condition in which participants recieve a placebo instead of the actual treatment

49
Q

manipulation check

A

is an additional measure to assess how the participants perceived and interpreted the manipulation and or to asses the direct effect of the manipulation

50
Q

types of manipulations

A
  1. participant manipulation
  2. subtle manipulation
  3. placebo control
  4. simulations
51
Q

simulation

A

creation of conditions within an experiment that stimulate or closely duplicate the natural environment in which behaviors being examined normally occur

52
Q

mundane realism

A

refers to supeficial characteristics of the stimulation which may effect internal validity

53
Q

experimental realism

A

extent to which participants become immeresed in the simulation and behave normally and not know they are in an experiment

54
Q

within-subjects- design

A

one group, tested multiple times

55
Q

between subjects

A

2 groups tested on the same data

56
Q

which statement best characteristics a between-subjects experimental design

A

each participant is assigned to one condition of the experiment

57
Q

in a between-subjects experiment, if the participants in one group have characteristics that are different from the participants in another group, which is threatened

A

internal validity

58
Q

matching

A

involves assigning individuals to groups so that a specific participant variable is balanced, or matched, across the groups
-the intent is to create groups that are equivalent with respect to the variable matched

59
Q

limitation of using matching rather than a random assignment to form groups in between subjects

A

matching requires another measurement procedure

60
Q

how does holding a variable constant prevent the variable from becoming a confound

A

it eliminates the possibility that the variable will be substantially different from one group to another

61
Q

variance

A

statistically, value that measures the size of the differences from one score to another

62
Q

differential attribution

A

refers to differences in attribution rates from one group to another and can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment

63
Q

diffusion

A

the spread of the treatment from the experimental group to the control group which leads to reduce the difference between 2 conditions

64
Q

compensatory equalization

A

when both groups demand the same treatment

65
Q

resentful demoralization

A

giving up when special treatment is found for other groups

66
Q

compensatory rivalry

A

one group works extra hard to make up for not receiving the benefits received by another group

67
Q

single factor multiple group design

A

testing one thing in 3 different conditions

68
Q

limitation of a two-group design

A

may not provide a complete picture of the relationship between variables

69
Q

when comparing means in a two group design, which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

A

independent measures t-test

70
Q

when comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

A

single factor ANOVA

71
Q

correlational research study

A

two or more variables are measured to obtain a set of scores for each individual

72
Q

correlation coefficient

A

measure and describe the relationship between two variables

73
Q

coefficient of determination

A

squared value of a correlation and measures the percentage of variability in one variable that is determined by its relationship with the other variable

74
Q

using one variable to predict another

A

regression

experimental psychology (3 decks)

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