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NSG 332 Pediatrics > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac output formula

A

CO = HR x SV

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2
Q

what needs to be done if there is stenosis or coarctation?

A

balloon dilation

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3
Q

if a child has fetal alcohol syndrome how likely are they to have CHD?

A

50%

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4
Q

if the mother has rubella in the first 7 weeks of pregnancy, how likely is the child to have CHD?

A

50% of defects

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5
Q

right-sided heart failure

A

rest of body is affected

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6
Q

left-sided heart failure

A

lungs are affected

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7
Q

acyanotic CHD

A
  • includes ASD and VSD
  • inc. pulmonary blood flow
  • obstruction to blood flow from ventricles
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8
Q

cyanotic CHD

A
  • decreased pulmonary blood flow
  • mixed blood flow
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9
Q

what are increased pulmonary blood flow defects?

A
  • atrial septal defect
  • ventricular septal defect
  • patent ductus arteriosus
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10
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

closes at first cry

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11
Q

what does indomethacin do for PDA?

A

closes it

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12
Q

what does prostaglandin do for PDA?

A

opens it

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13
Q

what are some obstructive defects of the heart?

A
  • coarctation of the aorta
  • aortic stenosis
  • pulmonic stenosis
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14
Q

how do you fix an obstructive defect?

A

balloon dilation

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15
Q

kawasaki disease

A

inflammation of all vessels: clotting

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16
Q

clinical manifestations of kawasaki disease

A
  • high fever
  • “strawberry” tongue
  • edema of hands and feet
  • extreme irritability
  • arthritis
  • coronary complications
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17
Q

what meds do you give for kawasaki?

A
  • high dose aspiring - dec. clotting
  • steroids
  • IV Ig
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18
Q

naloxone - narcan

A

reversal for opioid OD

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19
Q

HEADS assessment

A

Home
Education
Activity
Drugs
Sexuality activity/identity
Suicide/depression

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20
Q

ages of adolescence

A

13-18

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21
Q

what is male height spurts in relation to females?

A

theirs is 2 years later than girls

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22
Q

what occurs during puberty?

A
  • heart, blood volume, and systolic BP increase
  • HR decreases
  • respiratory vital capacity increases
  • change in BMR
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23
Q

piaget stage in adolescence

A

formal operational thinking

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24
Q

conceptions in adolescence

A
  • imaginary audience (everyone is watching)
  • personal fable (won’t happen to me)
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25
Q

erikson stages in infants

A

trust vs. mistrust

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26
Q

erikson stages in toddlers

A

autonomy vs. shame

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27
Q

erikson stages in preschoolers

A

initiative vs. guild

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28
Q

erikson stages in school aged

A

industry vs. inferiority

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29
Q

erikson stages in adolescence

A

identity vs. role confusion

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30
Q

leading cause of death between 15-19

A
  • accidents
  • suicide
  • homicide
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31
Q

what is a good med for acne?

A

accutane (isotretinoin): category x pregnancy

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32
Q

how to treat testicular torsion

A

surgically to prevent necrosis

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33
Q

what drugs can cause gynecomastia?

A

Ca ++ channel blockers, H2 blockers, ketocanazoles, and marijuana

34
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

no menses by 17

35
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

no menses for 6 months in previously menstruating females

36
Q

causes of primary amenorrhea

A
  • pregnancy
  • polycystic ovarian syndrome
  • hypothalamic
  • effect of exercise on hormones
37
Q

causes of secondary amenorrhea

A
  • most common cause is pregnancy
  • stress, chronic illness, polycystic ovarian disease, anorexia, ovarian disturbance, phenothiazines, and heroin
38
Q

how do you treat chlamydia?

A

antibiotic compiance and notify partners - Health Department reportable

39
Q

what can occur in infants with adolescent mothers?

A
  • higher risk of prematurity
  • higher incidence of low birth weights
  • potential for developmental delay
  • cumulative risk factors for infant
40
Q

in someone with anorexia and bulimia, what could happen?

A

K+ could decrease and they can become dehydrated

41
Q

for brain development what do kids need to consume?

A

fat; give whole milk

42
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils Equal
Round
Reactive to Light
Accommodation

43
Q

if a child has a GCS of 8 what should you do?

A

intubate

44
Q

what happens to the heart in neurogenic shock?

A

bradycardia

45
Q

what kind of things increase ICP?

A

crying, lights/stimuli, pain, fever, suctioning, moving patient

46
Q

what could be an indicator of closed head injury?

A

lethargy, VOMITING, can’t wake

47
Q

indicators of cushing’s triad

A
  • inc. systolic BP
  • dec. pulse
  • dec. RR
48
Q

indicators of shock

A
  • dec. BP
  • inc. pulse
  • inc. RR
49
Q

what is more dangerous cushing’s triad or shock?

A

cushing’s triad

50
Q

how should the HOB be positioned to help with ICP?

A

30 degrees

51
Q

what injuries have the highest mortality rate in children 0-4

A

submersion injuries

52
Q

what would a culture look like if there is an intracranial infection?

A
    • WBC
    • protein
  • dec. glucose (cloudy)
  • gram stain +
53
Q

epilepsy

A

two or more unprovoked seizures

54
Q

reversal for a seizure

A

lorazepam -> diazepam -> romazican (flumazanil)

55
Q

are lifestyle factors the cause of childhood cancers?

A

no

56
Q

signs of cancer in children

A
  • pain
  • fever
  • skin changes
  • anemia
  • abdominal mass
  • swollen lymph nodes
57
Q

difference between anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia

A
  • anemia = dec. RBC
  • thrombocytopenia = dec. platelets
  • leukopenia = dec. WBC
  • if all are present; pancytopenia
58
Q

if an immunization is given during chemotherapy, what does that mean?

A

they should be considered inactivated if given 2 weeks before or during chemo. the child should be revaccinated 6 months after chemo is done

59
Q

most common form of childhood cancer

A

ALL

60
Q

if a child has trisomy 21, what is the chance they will get cancer?

A

20 times greater

61
Q

what lab results would someone with leukemia have?

A
  • dec. WBC
    • bands
62
Q

what labs would someone with a neuroblastoma have?

A

catecholamines in urine

63
Q

wilms tumor

A

tumor of the kidney

64
Q

what is important if you suspect wilms tumor?

A

don’t palpate abdomen; could proliferate tumor

65
Q

signs of a retinoblastoma

A
  • cat’s eye reflex is the most common sign
  • strabismus is the second most common sign
  • red, painful eye
  • blindness is a late sign
66
Q

what should you watch for in someone with anemia?

A

their o2 sats

67
Q

how does the heart function in anemia?

A

HR increases to try to pump more o2 in the body

68
Q

what is the rule for transfusions in HGB and HCT?

A

HCB is 8
HCT is 28

69
Q

until blood becomes available, what should the nurse do in the meantime?

A

start IV and infuse 0.9% NS to replace volume

70
Q

how fast does blood need to be used?

A
  • within 30 minutes of arrival
  • can only infuse over 4 hours max
71
Q

what should you do if there is a transfusion reaction?

A

stop the blood immediately

72
Q

erikson stages in preschoolers

A

initiative vs. guilt

73
Q

four problems in TOF

A
  • pulmonic stenosis
  • overriding aorta
  • ventricular septal defect
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
74
Q

if there is is increased ICP what will the CSF be like?

A
  • positive for WBC
  • low glucose
  • high protein
75
Q

treatment for hydrocephalus

A

VP shunt so it can drain into the belly; serious if gets infected

76
Q

1 cause of iron deficiency anemia in peds

A

too much milk; depletes iron stores

77
Q

what should you educate your patient about iron?

A
  • iron stains teeth
  • vitamin C helps it absorb
78
Q

treatment for sickle cell

A

Hydration
Oxygen (do this first)
Pain relief

79
Q

what ages include mandatory reporting?

A

under 18 and 70 and over

80
Q

if someone is developmentally delayed, do you have to mandatory report?

A

yes

81
Q

what is the main reason we give TDAP vaccine?

A

for pertussis

82
Q

what can happen in children if aspirin is given?

A

Reye’s syndrome can occur and liver can be affected

NSG 332 Pediatrics (4 decks)

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