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NSG 332 Pediatrics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what do NSAIDS affect and give an example commonly used in peds?

A

they affect kidneys; ketoralac (toradol), ibuprofen (advil), celebrex, naproxen

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2
Q

should a infant be given aspirin?

A

no, it can cause Reye’s syndrome

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3
Q

what does acetaminophen affect?

A

the liver; only give 5x a day

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4
Q

what does morphine and narcotics affect?

A

respiratory, BP, constipation

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5
Q

should kids under 1 be given ibuprofen?

A

no

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6
Q

most under treated thing in peds

A

pain

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7
Q

FLACC pain scale

A

Face
Legs
Activity
Cry
Consolability

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8
Q

comfort scale

A
  • used more in PICU settings
  • used in unconscious and ventilated children
  • eight indicators that you score 1-5 on: alertness, calmness/agitation, respiratory response, physical movement, BP, HR, muscle tone, facial tension
  • add scores up: 17-26 is adequate sedation and pain control
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9
Q

wong-baker FACES pain scale

A

six cartoon faces; as them to rate their pain according to how they feel

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10
Q

numeric pain ratings

A

ask older children to rate their pain 1-10

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11
Q

CRIES neonatal pain scale

A

Crying
Requiring increased oxygen
Increased vital signs
Expression
Sleeplessness

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12
Q

nonpharmacologic pain interventions

A

distraction, relaxation, guided imagery, cutaneous stimulation, aromas, sugar, positioning, kangaroo holding, skin to skin

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13
Q

when using morphine what should you be sure to do?

A

count respirations for a full minute before and monitor after giving

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14
Q

what is diazepam (valium) help with?

A

spasms

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15
Q

what are the best routes for absorption?

A

sublingual and rectal

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16
Q

most common chronic illnesses or disabilities?

A

respiratory (asthma), speech and sensory impairments, mental disorders, nervous system disorders

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17
Q

what are family’s emotional reactions to a special needs child?

A

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

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18
Q

examples of live attenuated vaccines

A
  • MMR: acute illness, immunocompromised, which can affect pregnancy
  • varicella: blood transfusion (can’t give to peds)
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19
Q

what do mumps affect?

A

reproductive system and deafness

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20
Q

when is MMR/varicella given?

A

at 12-15 months and 4-6 years

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21
Q

in case of adverse reaction of a vaccine, what should a nurse have nearby?

A

epi and O2

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22
Q

examples of bacterial diseases

A
  • diptheria
  • pertussis (whooping cough)
  • scarlet fever
  • pneumococcal disease
  • epiglottitis
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23
Q

how to treat bacterial diseases

A
  • antibiotics
  • bed rest
  • support
  • prevention
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24
Q

examples of viral diseases

A
  • chicken pox (varicella)
  • roseola
  • hand foot and mouth
  • mumps
  • erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
  • measles (rubeola)
  • rubella (german measles)
  • influenza (flu)
  • skin infections
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25
Q

how to treat viral diseases

A
  • tylenol/ibuprofen
  • rest
  • fluids
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26
Q

diptheria

A
  • direct contact transmission
  • “bulls’ neck”, white or gray mucous membranes, fever, cough
  • treatment: antibiotic, rest, and support
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27
Q

chicken pox (varicella)

A
  • direct contact and respiratory secretions
  • treatment is just supportive
  • child is contagious before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted
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28
Q

roseola

A
  • herpes virus type 6
  • high fever, then fever gone and rash
  • may have lymphadenopathy
  • encephalitis consequence is rare
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29
Q

hand foot and mouth

A
  • coxsackie virus
  • can lead to myocarditis
  • fever, malaise
  • rash, sore throat blisters
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30
Q

mumps

A
  • paramyxovirus
  • sterility, orchitis, sensorineural deafness, myocarditis
  • malaise, fever, headache
  • can go to testes and ovaries
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31
Q

erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

A
  • droplet or direct contact precautions
  • persistent fever 3-7 days in child who is otherwise well appearing
  • has a “slapped cheek” appearance
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32
Q

measles (rubeola)

A
  • highly contagious: direct contact from respiratory system
  • “koplick spots” on mucosa
  • rash appears on 3-4 days of illness
  • treat with antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections such as ear infection and pneumonia
  • airborne if in hospital until day 5 of rash
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33
Q

pertussis (whooping cough)

A
  • direct contact from droplets
  • whoop or gasp 4-6 weeks cyanosis may occur during episode
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34
Q

rubella (german measles)

A
  • direct contact from droplets
  • low-grade fever, headache, malaise, sore throat, rash
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35
Q

scarlet fever

A
  • group A beta hemolytic-streptococci
  • prodromal stage: abrupt high fever, halitosis
  • enanthema: tonsils large, edematous, covered with exudate, “strawberry tongue”, sandpaper-like pink rash
  • treat with penicillin and supportive care
  • droplet prec. until 24 hours of ABX
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36
Q

influenza (flu)

A
  • droplet precautions
  • abrupt fever
  • treat by prevention, antiviral treatment if detected early, supportive care
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37
Q

pneumococcal disease

A
  • pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, localized infection
  • treatment is prevention, antibiotics, supportive care
  • droplet prec.
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38
Q

what are the most frequent infections worldwide?

A

intestinal parasites

39
Q

giardiasis

A
  • direct contact with contaminated water or food
  • flagyl or tindamax and prevention of reoccurance
40
Q

how does a tapetest work?

A

place over rectum, worms come out in pinworms

41
Q

how to treat skin infections

A
  • fungal agents: typically dermatophytoses; tinea or candida
  • topical or systemic
42
Q

lyme disease stages

A
  • stage 1: “bull’s eye:
  • stage 2: rash on hadns and feet 3-10 weeks after inoculation
  • stage 3: systemic involvement 2-12 months
43
Q

when does the most growth and development occur?

A

12-36 months

44
Q

how much should weight gain slow per year?

A

by 4-6 pounds

45
Q

what should a child’s weight be at 2.5 years of age?

A

birth weight should quadruple

46
Q

how much should height increase per year?

A

about 3 inches per year

47
Q

when does sphincter control begin?

A

age 18-24 months; potty training shouldn’t start until this point

48
Q

when should a child be able to throw a ball?

A

18 months

49
Q

when do children recognize sexual difference?

A

by age 2; parents should refer to body parts by name and avoid negative labels about physical appearance

50
Q

how many words should a child have in their vocab by age 2?

A

more than 300 words

51
Q

parallel play

A

when two toddlers play next to each other but don’t interact

52
Q

when do temper tantrums increase?

A

when child is ill, hungry, frustrated, or tired

53
Q

what should happen by 36 months?

A

walking, running, climbing, jumping

54
Q

what should happen by 4 years?

A

skips and hops on one foot; catches ball

55
Q

what should happen by 5 years?

A

skips on alternate feet, jumps rope, learns to skate and swim

56
Q

at age 4-5, how should a child’s language be?

A

four and five word sentences

57
Q

at age 6, how should a child’s language be?

A

understands all parts of speech; identify opposites

58
Q

when should a child be independent in dressing, eating, and toileting

A

4-5

59
Q

biggest cause of obesity in preschoolers

A
  • juice and milk
  • should only have 1 4 oz. juice a day
60
Q

how long should a preschooler be getting a night of sleep?

A

about 12 hours per night

61
Q

most common metal poisoning

A

lead ingestion, mercury toxicity is less frequent

62
Q

what does lead poisoning affect?

A

affects renal, hematologic, and neurologic systems; developing brain and nervous systems are especially vulnerable

63
Q

types of neglect

A
  • physical neglect
  • emotional neglect
  • emotional abuse
64
Q

how much would a venous blood sample be if lead poisoning was a concern?

A

5 mcg/dl

65
Q

length of a virus

A

10-14 days

66
Q

another name for common cold

A

nasopharyngitis

67
Q

after a tonsillectomy, what would frequent swallowing be a sign of?

A

bleeding; not good

68
Q

with mono, what do you want to be sure the child doesn’t do?

A

participate in contact sports to decrease the injury to the spleen (on right side)

69
Q

first line treatments for children in status asthmaticus

A

albuterol (bronchioles open up) and IV corticosteroid (helps with inflammation)

69
Q

first line treatments for children in status asthmaticus

A

albuterol (bronchioles open up) and

70
Q

discuss a little about CF

A
  • autosomal recessive gene disorder
  • abnormal gene located on the long arm of chromosome 7
71
Q

what can occur in COVID in kids?

A

multi system inflammatory syndrome: elevate temp and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR)

72
Q

when you think of Na, what should you think of?

A

Na = neuro problems

73
Q

when you think of K, what should you think of?

A

K = cardiac problems

74
Q

normal level of Na

A

135-145

75
Q

normal level of K

A

3.5-5

76
Q

rule for a fluid bolus

A

20 mL/kg of NS

77
Q

how fast should you give a bolus in a life-threatening situation?

A

as fast as possible

78
Q

what should the MAP score be?

A

above 60

79
Q

what can too low of sodium lead to?

A

water intoxication

80
Q

what can too high of sodium lead to?

A

dehydration

81
Q

when should you begin to bag an child?

A

if the RR are under 10

82
Q

hypovolemic shock

A
  • dehydration
  • rapid blood loss
  • loss of other fluids
83
Q

distributive shock

A
  • sepsis
  • anaphylaxis
84
Q

what happens in decompensated shock and what should you do?

A

BP declines; give a bolus

85
Q

what is the formula for how much of a bolus to give?

A

10 - 20 mL/kg

86
Q

septic shock

A
  • sepsis caused by infectious organism and patient’s immune, inflammatory, and coagulant responses
  • give them antibiotics
87
Q

what should be administered to someone with anaphylaxis?

A

epi and fluid

88
Q

what is important to know in the first two days of a burn?

A
  • 1st 24 hours: shock and fluid loss
  • 2nd 24 hours and so on: infection
89
Q

upper airway obstruction characteristics

A
  • foreign body, croupe, anaphylaxis
  • will hear stridor
90
Q

lower airway obstruction characteristics

A
  • RSV
  • will hear wheezing
91
Q

lung tissue disease characteristics

A
  • pneumonia
  • will hear crackles
92
Q

what is important to do when a child has RSV?

A

suction

NSG 332 Pediatrics (4 decks)

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