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chem 115 > exam “4” > Flashcards

exam “4” Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA is held together through what force

A

hydrogen bonding

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2
Q

which feature is common to soaps, detergents, and phospholipids?

A

their function depends on the dual polarity of their molecules

polar & nonpolar end

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3
Q

Degree of polymerization (n) =

A

molecular weight of polymer / molecular weight of the monomer

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4
Q

alkane

A

single bond

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5
Q

alkene

A

double bond

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6
Q

alkyne

A

triple bond

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7
Q

naming organic molecules:

A

parent (# of carbons) + suffix (type of molecule)

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8
Q

orgo prefixes:

A
  1. meth
  2. eth
  3. prop
  4. but
  5. pent
  6. hex
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9
Q

valence bond theory

A

how we explain the shapes of molecules based on the interaction of atomic orbitals

  • covalent bond forms when orbitals overlap (e- pair is in the overlap)
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10
Q

the more overlap….

A

the stronger the bond

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11
Q

orbitals must have…

A

opposing spins and two electrons

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12
Q

benzene

A

specific cyclic alkene: 3 double bonds

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13
Q

anything bonded to an OH is an

A

alcohol

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14
Q

microwaves ____ molecules

A

rotate

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15
Q

IR _____ bonds

A

vibrate

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16
Q

UV ______ bonds

A

break

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17
Q

hierarchy of forces

A 
ion-dipole
H-bond
dipole-dipole
ion-induced dipole 
dipole-induced dipole
london dispersion
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18
Q

energy of attraction

A

(charge 1 x charge 2) divided by internuclear distance

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19
Q

polarizability follows the trend of…

A

atomic radius: the smaller particles are less polarizable (harder to break apart)

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20
Q

when finding highest boiling point

A
  1. look for H bonding
  2. avoid shortest chain length
  3. avoid branched molecules
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21
Q

salts dissolve in

A

water

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22
Q

salts WONT dissolve in

A

hexane

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23
Q

hydrophilic

A

polar head: interacts with H20

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24
Q

hyrdrophobic

A

non-polar tail: salt interactions

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25
Q

gas to liquid

A

condensation

26
Q

vaporization

A

liquid to gas

27
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

28
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

29
Q

solid to liquid

A

melting/ fusion

30
Q

freezing

A

liquid to solid

31
Q

transition from a less ordered phase is a _____ reaction

A

exothermic

32
Q

specific heat capacity

A

joules/ grams x kelvin

33
Q

molar heat capacity

A

joules / mol

34
Q

potential energy

A

energy of attraction (covalent bonds and intermolecular forces)

35
Q

hybridization

A

the process of orbitals mixing

36
Q

the greater the overlap

A

the stronger the bond

& the closer the nucleus is to the electrons

37
Q

orbital for linear shape:

A

2 sp

2 p remaining

38
Q

orbital for trigonal planar shape:

A

3 sp2

1 p remainder

39
Q

orbital for tetrahedral

A

4 sp3

no remainder

40
Q

sigma bonds

A

end to end overlap
football shaped
allows free rotation

SINGLE BONDS

41
Q

pi bonds

A

side to side overlapping
restricts rotation

double bonds have 1
triple bonds have 2

42
Q

sigma bonds are ____ than pi bonds

A

stronger

43
Q

condensation polymers must have _____ functional groups

A

two

44
Q

addition polymer

A

aka chain polymer

45
Q

homomonomer

A

one type of monomer

46
Q

copolymer

A

two of more types of monomers

47
Q

closed systems have…

A

equilibrium and changes are reversible

48
Q

phase changes have a….

A

CONSTANT TEMP

49
Q

higher applied pressure = boiling point

A

higher

50
Q

ion dipole

A

when ion and polar molecule attract

51
Q

dipole dipole

A

the attractive forces between a positive pole of one molecule and the negative pole of another

higher dipole dipole = high boiling point

52
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

stronger than dipole dipole

H bonded to N,O or F

53
Q

solubility

A

max amount of dissolved in a fixed quantity at a given temp

54
Q

solvent

A

solution in which substances are dissolved

55
Q

what is being dissolved

A

solute

56
Q

like dissolved like

A

substances with similar intermolecular forces dissolve eachother

57
Q

ion induced dipole is ______ than dipole induced dipole

A

stronger

58
Q

oil dissolves in

A

hexane

59
Q

like dissolves like

A

the ability to replace the current present forces

60
Q

properties of soap

A

polar/ionic head

non polar tail

61
Q

concentration

A

the proportion of a substance in a mixture

62
Q

molality

A

of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent

chem 115 (4 decks)

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