exam 2

Question 1

hess’s law

Answer 1

the overall enthalpy change of a process is the sum of the enthalpy change of each step of the process

Question 2

frequency

Answer 2

the number of cycles per seconds (s-1)(Hz)

Question 3

wavelength

Answer 3

the distance between any point on a wave and the same point on a corresponding crest (m or nm)

Question 4

1 nm

Answer 4

10^-9 meters

Question 5

speed

Answer 5

distance per unit of time (meters/second)

Question 6

speed of light

Answer 6

3.00 x 10^8

Question 7

amplitude

Answer 7

the height of the radiation wave (intensity and color)

Question 8

electromagnetic spectrum (greatest to least)

Answer 8

gamma
x-ray 
UV
visible
infared
microwave 
radio

Question 9

bohr model

Answer 9

one works for one electron models

Question 10

rydberg equation is used for…

Answer 10

position of a wavelength give n values

Question 11

ground state

Answer 11

lowest e energy level (n-1)

Question 12

excited state

Answer 12

(n>1) orbit farther from the nucleus

Question 13

principle quantum number

Answer 13

(n) the SIZE, relative distance to the nucleus. also specifies energy level

Question 14

angular momentum quantum #

Answer 14

(l) integer from 0 to (n-1). tells us the SHAPE

the possible # of l values is = to the n value

Question 15

magnetic quantum #

Answer 15

(-1 to +1)(m) tells us the ORIENTATION of the orbital

Question 16

quantum #s and energy level

Answer 16

energy level/shells = n

sub-level/sub-shells= l

Question 17

molarity

Answer 17

concentration of a solute in a solution (moles of solute / 1 liter of solution)

Question 18

paulis exclusion principle

Answer 18

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same 4 quantum #s

ex. baseball stadium seating

Question 19

shielding

Answer 19

electrons feel not only attraction to the nucleus but also repulsion’s from other electrons

REDUCES full nuclear charge to Zeff

Question 20

Zeff

Answer 20

the nuclear charge an e- actually experienced.

lower Zeff makes it easier to move

Question 21

order of sub level energies

lowest to highest

Answer 21

S P D F

Question 22

aufbau principle

Answer 22

to build up: must fill the lower sub level before filling a higher one

Question 23

hunds rule

Answer 23

the electron configuration of the lowest energy has the max # of unpaired electrons with parallel spins

Question 24

highest in the top right corner

Answer 24

Zeff
Ionization energy
Electron affinity

Question 25

highest in the bottom right corner

Answer 25

atomic size

Question 26

metallic trend

Answer 26

decrease diagonally: highest in bottom left

Question 27

radius

Answer 27

1/2 the distance between nuclei

Question 28

second ionization energy is…

Answer 28

always higher than the first

Question 29

more energy is need to remove …

Answer 29

core electrons

Question 30

inner/core electrons are shared with the…

Answer 30

previous noble gas

Question 31

outer electrons

Answer 31

those in the highest e every level (farthest from the nucleus)

Question 32

for a given value of n the _____ the l value the more stable the sub level is

Answer 32

LOWER

Question 33

penetration

Answer 33

outer electrons move through the region that is occupied by the core electrons to get closer to the nucleus

increases the Zeff

Question 34

a higher nuclear charge….

Answer 34

increases nucleus-electron attraction

lowers sub-level energy to stabilize the atom