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chem 115 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

density

A

mass divided by volume

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2
Q

1kg

A

1000g

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3
Q

1m

A

1000mm

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4
Q

temperature

A

how hot/cold something is

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5
Q

heat

A

the energy that flows from the object with a higher temperature to the one with a lower temperature

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6
Q

sig fig rules

A
  1. non zeros are significant
  2. leading zeros are NOT significant
  3. trailing zeros are significant when there is a decimal present
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7
Q

precision

A

how close the value are to eachother

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8
Q

accuracy

A

how close the values are to the actual value

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9
Q

protons

A

in the nucleus (positive charge)

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10
Q

nuetrons

A

in the nucleus (neutral charge)

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11
Q

electrons

A

surround the nucleus (negative charge)

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12
Q

why are atoms neutrally charged

A

because the number of protons and the number of electrons cancel each-other out

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13
Q

atomic #

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

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14
Q

isotopes

A

the same element with varied amounts of neutrons and thus a different mass #

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15
Q

atomic mass

A

the average of its isotopic weights

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16
Q

elements in the same _______ share similar behavior

A

group

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17
Q

transferring e-

A

ionic bond

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18
Q

sharing e-

A

covelant bond

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19
Q

positively charged ion

A

cation

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20
Q

negatively charged ion

A

anion

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21
Q

bonding

A

metals lose electrons — nonmetals gain

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22
Q

mass of an element to moles of an element

A

divide by the molar mass (on periodic table)

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23
Q

mol of element to molecules/atoms

A

divide by avagadros #

24
Q

the assumed amount of product based on a chemical equation

A

theoretical yield

25
Q

percent yield

A

actual divided by theoretical yield x 100

26
Q

radioactivity

A

the spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus by the emission of radiation

27
Q

nuclear reactions

A

atoms of one element are converted to atoms of another

large change in energy and mass

28
Q

chemical reactions

A

atoms DONT change identity

small changes in energy/ no change in mass

29
Q

alpha decay

A

4-2-He 2+

make heavy nucleus stable
utilized by EVERY element with molar mass over 83

30
Q

beta decay

A

0/-1 B high speed electrons

proton emission: proton converts to nuetron and positron ( 0/1 B)

electron capture: draws in an electron
(0/-1 e)

31
Q

gamma decay

A

have no mass or charge, accompany other types of decay, high energy photons

32
Q

determining types of decay

A

nuetron rich: B- decay
proton rich: B+ decay
heavy: alpha decay

33
Q

ionization

A

atom experiences ionizing radiation to form an ion+ and an e-

34
Q

fission

A

heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei

35
Q

fusion

A

two lighter nuclei form a heavy one

36
Q

nuclear binding energy

A

e every required to break 1 mol of a nuclei into individual nucleons

37
Q

kinetic energy

A

motion

38
Q

potential energy

A

position

39
Q

internal energy (E)

A

kinetic + potential energy

40
Q

energy in a system…..

A

must be accompanied by an EQUAL and OPPOSITE change in its surroundings

41
Q

ΔE

A

transfer of energy from system to surroundings

42
Q

heat (q)

A

thermal energy: transfer of heat to the lower temp

hot coffee cup ——-> cold air

43
Q

work (w)

A

all other forms of energy transfer

ex. kicking a soccer ball

44
Q

energy transferred out of a system is…

A

NEGATIVE

45
Q

energy transferred into a system

A

POSITIVE

46
Q

energy transferred through work

A

system RELEASE energy: work is done BY it

system ABSORB energy: work is done TO it

47
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

ΔE overall = ΔE system + ΔE surroundings=0

48
Q

internal energy

A

state function: depends on the current state of the system

49
Q

pressure volume work

A

W = -P ΔV

50
Q

expansion

A

losing energy by increasing volume

51
Q

contraction

A

gaining energy by decreasing volume

52
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the quantity of heat absorbed/released is proportional to its temperature change

53
Q

calorimetry equation

A

q = c x mass x ΔT

54
Q

magnitude of a thermochemistry exam equation is…

A

proportional to the amount of substance

55
Q

rank the types of radiation in order of penetrating ability

A

alpha beta gamma (highest)

chem 115 (4 decks)

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