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Health Psychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

define stress

A

emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral change directed towards either altering or accomodating its effects

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2
Q

define stressors

A

stressful events

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3
Q

characteristics of fight or flight response

A

adaptive yet harmful

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4
Q

define the general adaptation syndrome

A

regardless of the cause of the threat, we respond witht he same physiological pattern of rections

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5
Q

what are the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

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6
Q

criticisms of the general adaptation syndrome

A

limits role of psychological factors

assumes that all responses are the same

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7
Q

explain the tend and befriend theory

A

we respond with social affiliation and nurturant behavior toward offspring

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8
Q

what is the stress hormone

A

oxytocin

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9
Q

what are the psychological appraisals of stress

A

primary appraisal- the meaning of the stressor

secondary appraisal– assessment of coping abilities and resources

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10
Q

characteristics of sympathetic adrenomedullary sstem

A

threats labeled by cerebral cortex

fight or flight response

secretes epi and norepi

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11
Q

effects of SAM

A

increases bp, hr, sweating, disrupts sleep

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12
Q

characteristics of HPA axis

A

releases cortisol

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13
Q

effects of HPA

A

conserves carbs, reduces inflammation

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14
Q

what can results from repeated activation of HPA

A

can comprimise its functioning and alter cortisol levels

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15
Q

how do chronic stress levels affect cortisol

A

increases in evening

exaggerated cortisol response or none at all

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16
Q

effects of excessive epi and norepi

A

suppression of immune system

increases bp and hr

heart defects

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17
Q

effects of excessive cortisol

A

destruction of neurons in hippocampus
belly fat
more significant health consequences

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18
Q

define stress reactivity

A

the degree of change that occurs physiologically in result of stress

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19
Q

define allostatic load

A

physiological costs of chronic exposure to fluctuating neural responses to multiple physiological systems resulting from chronic stress

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20
Q

what does build up of allostatic load cause

A

decreased cell-mediated immunitiy

inability to shut off cortisol

high waist to hip ratio

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21
Q

what makes events stressful

A 
negative events
uncontrollable events
ambiguous events
overload
predictable stress
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22
Q

which populations are able to adapt the least to stress

A

children, elderly and poor

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23
Q

what is the acute stress paradigm

A

studying stress in a lab and seeing the impact of stress on physiological and psychological responses

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24
Q

What did Holmes and Rahe do

A

developed a stressful life event inventory

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25
Q

what does the stressful life event inventory do

A

can predict illness

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26
Q

what are some problems with the stressful life event inventory

A

items are vague

events are prevalued

usually includes positive and negative events

does not asses if they have been removed

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27
Q

what are examples of life based stressors

A

catastrophes

daily hassles

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28
Q

examples of environmental stressors

A

noise
crowding
social interactions

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29
Q

what are examples of work stressors

A

role ambiguity
shift work
job loss

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30
Q

what are the different ways to interpret stress

A

distress- negative
neustress- neutral
eustress- positive

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31
Q

characteristics of eustress

A

positive
challenge
development and growth

32
Q

characteristics of distress

A 
negative
danger
barrier
fight or flight
physical and psychological symptoms
33
Q

what is the stress process

A

environmental demand
percepetion of demand
stress response
behavioral consequences

34
Q

pros and cons of production of cortisol

A

prepare to fight

immune system impairment

35
Q

pros and cons of accelerated metabolism

A

energy to fight

insomnia and exhaustion

36
Q

pros and cons of endorphins

A

strength to fight

body pain and headaches

37
Q

pros and cons of reduced production of sex hormones

A

reduction of libido

low sex drive

38
Q

pros and cons of insulin production

A

more fuel

weight gain

39
Q

pros and cons of excessive heart activity

A

more blood in muscles

heart attacks and stroke

40
Q

pros and cons of anxious breathing

A

more o2 supply

increased stress

41
Q

pros and cons of excessive activation of of senses

A

more awareness

oversensitive to pain

42
Q

what is the transactional model of stress

A

2 step appraisal system of stress

43
Q

what are some psychological factors affecting stress response

A

personal control

explanatory style

chronic negative emotions

type A behavior

44
Q

what is the direct effect hypothesis

A

immunosuppression to reduced body’s defenses

45
Q

what is the indirect effect hypothesis

A

maladaptive behaviors reduce immune functioning

46
Q

coping style vs strategy

A

style- stable trait

strategy- adaptable, changes with state

47
Q

internal coping resources

A

optimism
control
self esteem
sense of self

48
Q

external coping resources

A 
time
money
education
decent job
friends
life events
49
Q

what does social support lead to

A

quicker recovery from illness

fewer complication during pregancy

50
Q

when is social support not helpful

A

when not wanted
when inadequate
when too much can increase stress
not the type thats needed

51
Q

what is the stress management program

A

identify stressors, monitor stress, identify stress antecedents, avoid negative self talk, set new goals

52
Q

ways to manage stress

A

stress management program, excessive writing, time management

53
Q

ways excessive writing manages stress

A

disclosure useful for coping

54
Q

ways time management manages stress

A

maximize available time

focus time on your priorities

55
Q

examples of mind/body interventions

A

mindfulness

imagery

cognitive therapy

slef talk

56
Q

mindfulness based stress reduction

A

meditation

57
Q

health benefits of meditation

A 
decreased respiration
hr and o2 use
imporived mood
spiritual calm
heightened awareness
58
Q

imagery

A

visualize pleasant image

59
Q

ABC of self talk

A

Activating event
belief about event
consequences

60
Q

3Ds model of self talk

A

direct
disrupt
dispute

61
Q

body/mind interventions

A 
biofeedback
exercise
stress management
deep breathing
preogressive muscle relaxation
62
Q

what is biofeedback

A

measures physiological responses and teaches you how to control them

63
Q

when are there benefits with exercise

A

60-80% of VO2 max

64
Q

deep breathing

A

in- pause- out - pause

65
Q

progressive muscle relaxation

A

teach body effects of tension to learn how to relax

induce deep breathing

66
Q

define coping

A

thoughts and behaviors used to manage demands of situations

67
Q

two aspects of coping

A

dynamic process

breadth

68
Q

how does negativity affect coping

A

express distress, discomfort and dissatisfaction across situations

69
Q

list some coping resources

A

positive emotional states
optimism
psychological control
self esteem

70
Q

charactersitics of psychological control

A

belief that one can determine their behavior, influence on environment and bring out desired outcomes

71
Q

coping styles

A

aproach vs avoidant

problem vs emotional focused

72
Q

problem focused

A

attempt to do something constructive

73
Q

emotion focused

A

effort to regulate emotions

74
Q

forms of social support

A

tangible
informational
emotional
invisible

75
Q

matching hypothesis

A

match between what they need and what they recieve gives most benefits

Health Psychology (4 decks)

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