Exam 1 Flashcards
Define health
a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
Define wellness
active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life
What are the 6 elements of wellness
physical, environmental, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual
examples of physical wellness
physical activity
nutrition
check-ups and screenings
examples of environmental wellness
awareness of surroundings
safety
pollution
examples of emotional wellness
positive attitude
practice art of letting go
realistic expectations
examples of social wellness
happy with self
community involvement
maintain relationships
have fun
examples of intellectual wellness
desire to learn
gain new experiences
be a student and a teacher
examples of spiritual wellness
individual values and ethics
personal reflection
open-mindedness
define disease
diagnosable biological dysfunction or infection
define illness
individual’s unique experience of pain and suffering
how did stone-age define mind and body relationship
mind and body are one
spirit affects both thogether
how did ancient greeks define mind and body relationship
body affects mind
how did middle-ages define mind and body
body and mind are separate
spirit affects both separately
supernatural explanation
contemporary view of mind and body relationship
interconnected relationship between body, mind, and socio-behavior
explain “stress weight”
abdominally localized fat
higher risk for diseases
more psychologically and physically reactive to stress
habit vs behavior
habit is generally unconscious
top five behaviors that increase risk for diseases
adherence to medical reccommendations diet smoking exercise alcohol and drug use
define overweight
increase of at least 10% over a recommended weight relative to individual
BMI of individual who is overweight
> 25
define obesity
excessive amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass
BMI of individual who is obese
> 30
How did industrial revolution affect obesity
- labor-saving products reduce energy spent on daily living
- food-processing
- health becomes priority when consumers demand it
Most obesity is caused by what
energy imbalance
What drives eating
mix of biological, environmental, psychological factors
How much of variability in weight is driven by genes
25-40%
Biology can affect what about eating
food preferences, hunger, fullness, metabolic rate, conversion of excess calories to fat
lifestyle factors that promote obesity
lack of pa, eating out, snacking, glorification of overeating, lack of access
how many Americans don’t engage in any leisure time pa
40%
define physical activity
any voluntary movement that results in energy expenditure
define exercise
physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive to improve physical activity
objective measurements of physical activity
doubly labeled water, indirect colorimetry, pedometer, accelerometer, heart rate monitor
most accurate form of objective measurement
doubly labeled water
subjective measurements of physical activity
logs, questionnaires
sedentary syndrome
daily responsibilities mostly don’t involve PA
stress from work and life decreases PA
Activity levels for gaining benefits
150 min MPA/week + muscle 2+ days/week
OR
75 min VPA/week + muscle 2+ days/week
Activity levels for more benefits
300 min MPA/week + muscle 2+ days/week
OR
150 min VPA/week + muscle 2+ days/week
How many adults don’t meet the PA guidelines
48%
how many HS students get 60 min of PA/day
less than 3/10
Where are rate of activity the lowest in the US
south east
Describe PA and age
PA declines with age
Describe PA and gender
Males tend to get more PA
Does knowledge = action in PA?
NO, most people know the benefits of PA
Top barriers to PA
lack of time fatigue from work willpower self-conscious of appearance caring for others negative self talk lack of facilities
Define built environment for PA
manmade surroundings that provide setting for PA and other activity
Three components of built environment for PA
transportation system
land use patterns
urban design characteristics
Define connectivity in built environment for PA
how easy it is to get there
Define proximity in built environment for PA
how close you are too it
Define walkability
extent to which built environment encourages walking
Promoting PA through population based strategies
environmental focus and mass media campaigns
cycle lanes in cities
Promoting PA through community based strategies
based on social cognition models
community based PA classes
Promoting PA through context based strategies
school PE
Promoting PA through clinic-based PA programs
targeted on specific sub-groups of the population
What are some negative psychological effects of exercise
overtraining
staleness syndrome
exercise dependence sydrome
