EXAM 3.1 Flashcards by Dominic Bolt

Which of these is a principal objective of a newspaper’s “op-ed” section?

To broaden the range and types of voices readers are exposed to, particularly those of non-journalists

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Kovach and Rosenstiel describe journalism as an act of:

character

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Earmarks of journalistic quality include all of the following except:

Appeasing all concerned stakeholders

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Schudson said that journalists literally make news. What does this mean?

Journalists apply analytical thinking when determining newsworthiness, gathering information, and reporting a story

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A discipline of which of the following is said by Kovach and Rosenstiel to be the “essence” of journalism?

verification

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The sociologist C. Wright Mills talks about the connection between “private troubles” and “public issues.” Which of Schudson’s functions of news does this best illustrate?

social empathy

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Which theory of truth asks if the reported facts illuminate a larger truth?

The coherence theory of truth

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What illustrates a technological explanation for the emergence of objectivity in journalism?

The invention of the telegraph

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What point does economist Robert McChesney make about the relationship between supply and demand?

The relationship between supply and demand is complex

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“Legal debates often center on ‘freedom to.’ Ethical debates often center on ‘freedom from.’” Is this statement true or false?

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“Journalism, according to Craft and Davis, is a set of transparent, independent procedures aimed at gathering, verifying, and reporting truthful information of consequence to citizens in a democracy.” Is this statement true or false?

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“The theory of agenda-setting refers to the ability of journalists to tell their audiences what to think.” Is this statement true or false?

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“The ideal of journalism serving democracy was a product of the American Revolution.” Is this statement true or false?

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“Professor Mark Horvit referred to investigative journalism as a state of mind rather than a specific genre of journalism.” Is this statement true or false?

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“Journalism’s obligation to the truth doesn’t include the necessity to make their stories engaging.” Is this statement true or false?

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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE?

 Journalists have traditionally been strong supporters of the value of letters to the editor sections
 Newer journalistic voices like Jezebel and Deadspin are strong advocates of objectivity in journalism 
 Research shows us that a sense of duty is central to journalistic identity

Research shows us that a sense of duty is central to journalistic identity

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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE?
Journalists in some states have special legal protections not afforded other citizens
There is no meaningful difference between journalism and other media outputs, such as advertising, film, and public relations
Defining journalism and drawing boundaries around it is very straightforward
It is unimportant to hold journalists to a high standard

Journalists in some states have special legal protections not afforded other citizens

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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE
Journalists should strive for two perspectives and balance them equally
Kovach and Rosenstiel say that balance is a fundamental journalistic objective
Rather than pursuing balance for its own sake, journalists should strive to achieve the correct balance or weighting of perspectives

Rather than pursuing balance for its own sake, journalists should strive to achieve the correct balance or weighting of perspectives

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A sense of ___ is central to journalistic integrity

duty

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define Externalities

An impact or cost on a party that did not intend to be directly involved

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People are best equipped to _______ _______

govern themselves

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What does democracy require from journalism?

Information dissemination, accountability, representation, deliberation and conflict resolution

Schudson’s 6 or 7 Things

Information
Investigation
Analysis
Social Empathy
Public Forum
Mobilization
Publishing Representative Democracy

Five things the public requires of journalism

Intelligent aggregator
Forum leader
Empowerer
Role model
Community builder

Theory of interlocking public

To make sure each page has a sufficient variety of stories so that everyone in the audience has something to read

Factors that affect journalism's job

Regulation, economy, politics, technology, information

Separation from journalism and information collecting

fact verification

heresay ____

often points to a lack of verification

How to tell if a story is accurate

Is the story free of error? Can all of the claims be verified? Does it rely on original reporting? Are the sources used authoritative?

what is "The wall" in journalism

Is a separation between news and business/advertising departments; often have separate floors

Journalism and the scientific method

``` Starting with a question Background research Developing a hunch Testing the hunch Using transparent means Report findings ```

4 main components of the opinion section

Editorial, opinion columns, op-ed, letters to the editor

What is the dichotomy of telling stories?

engaging v relevant

unique journalistic laws

``` Bama: only tv stations are covered delaware: must be employed 20h/w florida: a salaried employer or indepednent contractor of a news station ND: anything goes wyoming: no laws ```

overall look at journalistic laws

Every state but Wyoming has some form of “journalistic privilege” 36 states and the District of Columbia have a law recognizing journalistic privilege. 13 states recognize privilege through court decisions. There is no federal shield law- 100+ attempts.

Hutchins commission

ww2 press freedom

branzberg v hayes

branzburg being pressured to release the names of people involved in drug cirmes 1st amendment big J not naming sources he was forgiven

shoen v shoen

what is journalism who is a journalist who is allowed to do investigative reporting

nyt v sullivan

sullivan worked for the montgomery police department during the civil rights era when the nyt wrote a piece calling them out for their bad treatment of blacks. sullivan sued but the supreme court ruled in favour of the nyt

define information dissemination

democracy requires some method for distributing all the information people need to make decisions and govern themselves

what does democracy require from journalism

information dissemination accountability representation deliberation and conflict resolution

5 core functions of journalism in a democracy (it's more than 5)

``` inform, analyse, interpret and explain investigate create a public conversation generating social empathy encourage accountability ```

what is wisdom journalism

discussion about the role opinion and insight in journalism might play in helping people navigate and act on all information

theory of interlocking public

To make sure each page has a sufficient variety of stories so that every member of the audience wants to read at least one of them

examples of documenting events first hand

london tube bombing 2005 oscar grant murder 2009 arab spring 2010-12

masson v new yorker

An article was released with a quote stated by Masson. He claimed that this quote was never said The Supreme Court sided with the New Yorker because the summary of the quote had the same meaning as the actual quote. Said journalists need breathing space

market model

this is the idea that the market enforces what the public WANTS to hear. It is used by private companies attempting to sell products

public service/sphere model

public resource to report diverse and innovative content even if it isn’t popular.

how to resolve conflicts of interest

disclosing them escaping them pick a side

5 core components of scientific reporting

Never add anything that wasn’t there originally Never deceive the audience Be as transparent as possible about your methods and motives Rely on your original reporting Exercise humility

techniques of verification

Keep an accuracy checklist Assume nothing Be careful with anonymous sources

three kinds of sources

people documents data

main forms of investigative reporting

original interpretive reporting on investigations