Exam 3 Vocab Flashcards
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, sternum, bony thorax
appendicular skeleton
limbs and their attachment points, pectoral/pelvic girdle
5 basic types of bones
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
bones at birth
270
bones in adult skeleton
206
which bones fuse as a child, leading to decreased bone number as an adult
sesamoid bones and/or suturial (wormian) bones
sesamoid bones
bones that form along or within tendons
suturial (wormian) bones
in skull. develop along suture lines
articulated skeleton
fake skeleton. shows spatial relationship between bones
disarticulate bones
taken apart so surface features and markings can be studied in detail
bone surface markings are…
landmarks
2 major types bone surface markings
depressions and processes
depressions
and openings participate in joints or allow the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and soft tissue
processes
projections. attachment points for CT (tendons and ligaments)
articulations
at joints, where 2 bones meet
condyle
smooth, rounded knob (articulate)
facet
smooth, flat, slightly concave/convex articular surface. facet surface
head
rounded, prominent, expanded end of a bone
extensions and projections are…
attachment for tendons and ligaments
crest
narrow ridge
epicondyle
rounded, expanded region. ALWAYS superior to condyle
line
slightly raised, elongated ridge
process
any bony prominence. ex: mastoid process
protuberance
tiny extension/protrusion of bone
spine
sharp, slender, or narrow process
trochanter
2 massive processes unique to the femur
tubercle
small, rounded process
tuberosity
sandpaper texture. rough, elevated surface. FEEL it
alveolus
pit or socket. teeth embedded hrtr
fossa
shallow, broad, or elongated basin. other bones fit in here
fovea
small pit. prevents bone detachment. ex: head of femur
does NOT run all the way through bone
sulcus
groove for a tendon, nerve or blood vessel. found when there is not a lot of space for soft/CT
canal
deep, long, tunnels through bone
fissure
slit through a bone. allows for soft tissue passage
foramen
hole through a bone. once occupied by BV or nerve. allows for soft tissue passage
meatus
a canal
sinus
air-filled space in a bone. absorbs shock by lowering vibrations
what is the most complex part of the skeleton
the skull
how many bones in the skull are held together by sutures
22
sutures
immovable joints
what prevents movement in sutures in the skull
short collagen fibers
cranial cavity
brain case
orbits
eye sockets
middle and inner ear cavities
bony ossicles. cochlea
cochlea
small hairs
paranasal sinuses
lighten skull, absorb shock, air-filled, modify voice
foramina
in skull. holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels. LOTS.
cranial bones function to
protect the brain
meninges
membranes. separate brain from bones. dura mater is thickest membrane. absorb shock
the skull consists of what 2 parts
calvaria and cranial base (inferior to brain)
calvaria
outer skullcap
cranial bones consist of
1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid
the frontal bone…
forms forehead and part of the roof of the cranium. begin as 2 separate bones, then they fuse
coronal suture
posterior boundary of frontal bone
supraorbital margin
bump/ridge of bone deep to eyebrow
supraorbital forman
holes above eyebrow for BV and nerves, arteries and veins
glabella
smooth/flat area in between the eyebrows and above the root of the nose
parietal bones
form most of cranial roof and part of its lateral walls
left and right parietal bones are connected by…
sagittal suture
parietal bones are bordered by these 4 sutures
sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, squamous
sagittal suture
usually flat, tiny bump. between parietal bones
coronal suture
parietal and frontal bones. at anterior margin
lambdoid suture
attach parietal to occipital bones. at posterior margin
squamous
attach parietal bones to temporal bones. at lateral border
2 temporal lines for attachment of the…
temporalis muscle
temporalis muscle
helps chew
temporal bones
form lateral walls and part of floor of cranial cavity
there are 4 parts of temporal bones…
squamous, mastoid, tympanic, petrous
occipital bone
forms rear and base of skull
foramen magnum
occipital bone. opening for spinal cord
basilar part
occipital bone. thick median plate
occipital condyles
occipital bone. knobs resting on spinal column
hypoglossal canal
occipital bone. transmits hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
superior and inferior nuchal lines
occipital bones. for neck muscle attachment
sphenoid bone
base of cranium. anterior base of skull. irregular bone
parts of the sphenoid bone
body, greater wings, lesser wings
ethmoid bone
located between eyes. contributes to medial wall orbit, walls and roof of nasal cavity and nasal septum
perpendicular plate
ethmoid bone. superior 2/3 of nasal septum
crista galli
ethmoid bone. blade-like attachment for dura
cribiform plate
ethmoid bone. depressed area perforated with numerous holes; forms the roof of the nasal cavity
cribiform (olfactory) foramina
ethmoid bone. passages for olfactory nerves from nasal cavity to brain
viscerocranium (facial) bones
protect eyes, nose, and tongue. 14 skull bones anterior to cranial cavity (do not enclose brain). support teeth, face shape, form part of orbital and nasal cavities, attachments for muscles of facial expressions and mastication (chewing)
facial bones include
2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 lacrimal bones, 1 mandible, 1 maxillae, 2 nasal bones, 2 palatine bones, 1 vomer, 2 zygomatic bones
the maxillae
largest facial bones. forms upper jaw and most of hard plate. meets at median intermaxillary suture
what fills maxillae bone
maxillary sinus
zygomatic lacrimal bones
form angles of cheekbones and part of each lateral orbital wall
lacrimal bones form…
part of medial wall of each orbit
mandible
strongest bone of skull and only one to noticeable move. supports lower teeth. provides attachments for muscles of expression and mastication
major parts of mandible
body, ramus, angle
body of mandible functions to…
support teeth
auditory ossicles
associated with skull. 3 in each middle-ear cavity. malleus, incus, and stapes
