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CM 1112 > Exam 3 Vocab (11&5) > Flashcards

Exam 3 Vocab (11&5) Flashcards

1
Q

an early method of steel manufacturing in which air was blown into a vessel of molten iron to burn out impurities.

A

Bessemer process:

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2
Q

Iron with a controlled amount of carbon, generally less than 2 percent.

A

Steel:

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3
Q

Iron with too high a carbon content to be classified as steel.

A

Cast iron:

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4
Q

A form of iron that is soft, tough, and fibrous in structure, containing about 0.1 percent carbon and 1-2 percent slag.

A

Wrought iron:

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5
Q

Any iron-based metal. Steel unprotected from corrosion by either galvanizing or alloying.

A

Ferrous metal:

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6
Q

The mineral waste that rises to the top of molten iron or steel or to the top of a weld.

A

Slag:

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7
Q

A steel-making process in which a stream of pure oxygen is introduced into a batch of molten iron so as to remove excess carbon and other impurities.

A

Basic oxygen process:

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8
Q

A rectangular solid of steel formed from an ingot as an intermediate step in creating rolled steel structural shapes.

A

Bloom:

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9
Q

A bolt designed to connect steel members by clamping them together with sufficient force that the load is transferred between them by friction.

A

High-strength bolt:

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10
Q

A steel alloy that forms a self-protecting rust layer when exposed to the atmosphere.

A

Weathering steel:

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11
Q

A silver-colored steel alloy with superior corrosion resistance due principally to high chromium and nickel content.

A

Stainless steel:

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12
Q

The rapid cooling of metal so as to alter its physical properties; a form of heat treatment.

A

Quenching:

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13
Q

Controlled heating and cooling of a material to alter its mechanical properties; a form of heat treatment.

A

Tempering:

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14
Q

The portion of a steel mill that rolls structural shapes.

A

Structural mill:

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15
Q

Any of a wide range of structural steel components rolled in the shape of the letter I or H.

A

Wide-flange shape:

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16
Q

Obsolete term; an American Standard section of hot-rolled steel, an archaic structural steel shape. (This term should not be applied to modern wide flange steel sections.)

A

I-beam:

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17
Q

A structural section of steel, aluminum, or other material whose profile resembles the letter I.

A

Angle:

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18
Q

A flat steel plate used to connect the members of a truss; a stiffener plate.

A

Gusset plate:

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19
Q

A steel or aluminum section shaped like a rectangular box with one side missing.

A

Channel:

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20
Q

Steel formed at a temperature at which it is no longer plastic, as by rolling or forging at room temperature.

A

Cold-formed steel:

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21
Q

Hollow steel cylindrical or rectangular shapes used as structural members; also called structural tubing

A

Hollow structural section (HSS):

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22
Q

A lightweight, prefabricated, welded steel truss used at closely spaced intervals to support floor or roof decking.

A

Open-web steel joist:

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23
Q

A light steel truss used to support open-web steel joists.

A

Joist girder:

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24
Q

In structural steel construction, an archaic fastener, in which a second head is formed after the fastener is in place; a threadless fastener used in sheet metal work.

A

Rivet:

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25
Q

A relatively low-strength bolt most often used for fastening minor steel framing elements or temporary connections.
The contacting surfaces of steel members joined with a slip-critical connection.

A

Carbon steel bolt:

Faying surface:

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26
Q

Chafing or tearing of one material against another under extreme pressure.
A device for tightening bolts and nuts by means of rapidly repeated torque impulses produced by electrical or pneumatic energy.

A

Galling:

Impact wrench:

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27
Q

A method of achieving the correct tightness in a highstrength bolt by first tightening the nut snugly, then turning it a specified additional fraction of a turn.

A

Turn-of-mut method:

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28
Q

A disk placed under the head or nut of a high-strength bolt to indicate sufficient tensioning of the bolt by means of the deformation of ridges on the surface of the disk; also called a direct tension indicator washer.

A

Load indicator washer:

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29
Q

A bolt tightened by means of a splined end that breaks off when the bolt shank has reached the required tension.

A

Tension control bolt:

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30
Q

A boltlike device that is passed through holes in structural steel components, held in very high tension, and closed with a steel ring that is squeezed onto its protruding shank.

A

Lockpin and collar fastener:

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31
Q

A consumable steel wire or rod used to maintain an arc and furnish additional weld metal in electric arc welding.

A

Electrode:

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32
Q

A small rectangular strip of steel applied beneath a joint to provide a solid base for beginning a weld between two steel structural members.

A

Backup bar:

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33
Q

One of a pair of small rectangular steel bars attached temporarily at the end of a prepared groove for the purpose of permitting the groove to be filled to its very end with weld metal.

A

Runoff bar:

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34
Q

A structural steel connection weld, essential to the stability of the structure during a seismic event and subject to special quality control and inspection procedures during construction.

A

Demand-critical weld

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35
Q

A connection designed to resist only the tendency of one member to slide past the other, and not, as in a moment connection, to resist any tendency of the members to rotate with respect to one another; in steel frame construction, a simple connection.

A

Shear connection:

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36
Q

A deformation in which planes of material slide with respect to one another.

A

Shear:

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37
Q

The combination of tension and compression forces that cause a beam or other structural member to bend.

A

Bending moment:

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38
Q

A shear connection between steel members made by means of steel angles or plates connecting to the web of the beam or girder.

A

Framed connection:

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39
Q

A connection between two structural members that is resistant to rotation between the members and therefore capable of transmitting bending moments between the connected members, as differentiated from a shear connection, which allows (slight) rotation. See also Fully restrained moment connection, Partially restrained moment connection, and Simple connection.

A

Moment connection:

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40
Q

A steel plate attached to a structural member to support it against heavy localized loading or stresses.

A

Stiffener plate:

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41
Q

A structural building frame strengthened against lateral forces with diagonal members.

A

Braced frame:

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42
Q

Diagonal members, either temporary or permanent, installed to stabilize a structure against lateral loads.

A

Bracing:

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43
Q

The addition of energy-absorbing components into a structural building frame, to reduce lateral deflections and lessen the stresses imparted into the frame when subjected to high wind or seismic forces.

A

Damping:

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44
Q

A stiff wall that imparts lateral force resistance to a building frame.

A

Shear wall:

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45
Q

A structural building frame that is strengthened to resist lateral forces with moment connections between beams and columns.

A

Moment-resisting frame:

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46
Q

A steel frame connection with no useable resistance to rotation.

A

Simple connection:

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47
Q

A connection in which a steel beam rests on top of a steel angle or tee that is fastened to a column or girder.

A

Seated connection:

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48
Q

The company that prepares structural steel members for erection; any entity that assembles building components prior to arrival of the components on the construction site.

A

Fabricator:

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49
Q

Detailed drawings prepared by a fabricator to guide the shop production of such building components as cut stonework, steel or precast concrete framing, curtain wall panels, and cabinetwork.

A

Shop drawings:

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50
Q

A slight, intentional curvature in a beam or slab.

A

Camber:

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51
Q

The subcontractor who raises, connects, and plumbs up a building frame from fabricated steel or precast concrete components.

A

Erector:

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52
Q

A skilled laborer who erects steel building frames or places reinforcing bars in concrete construction.

A

Ironworker:

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53
Q

The portion of a multistory steel building frame supported by one set of fabricated column pieces, commonly two stories in height.

A

Tier:

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54
Q

A steel plate inserted between a column and a foundation to spread the concentrated load of the column across a larger area of the foundation.

A

Baseplate:

55
Q

A steel plate placed in grout on top of a concrete foundation to create a level bearing surface for the lower end of a steel column.

A

Leveling plate:

56
Q

A high-slump mixture of Portland cement, aggregates, and water, which can be poured or pumped into cavities in concrete or masonry for the purpose of embedding reinforcing bars and/ or increasing the amount of loadbearing material in a wall; a specially formulated mortarlike material for filling under steel baseplates and around connections in precast concrete framing; a mortar used to fill joints between ceramic tiles or quarry tiles.

A

Grout:

57
Q

The process of making a steel building frame vertical and square.

A

Plumbing up:

58
Q

A heavy-duty lifting device that uses a tower-mounted boom that may rotate in any vertical plane as well as in a horizontal plane.

A

Luffing-boom crane:

59
Q

A heavy-duty lifting device that uses a tower-mounted horizontal boom that may rotate only in a horizontal plane.

A

Hammerhead boom crane:

60
Q

A rope attached to a building component to help guide it as it is lifted by a crane or derrick.

A

Tagline:

61
Q

A tapered steel rod used to align bolt holes in steel connections during erection.

A

Drift pin:

62
Q

Corrugated metal sheets used as the structural base for floors (“sloor decking”) and roofs (“roof decking”) in steel frame construction. See also Cellular decking and Composite metal decking.

A

Metal decking:

63
Q

Thin, corrugated steel sheets that serve as permanent formwork for a reinforced concrete deck.

A

Form deck:

64
Q

Panels made of steel sheets corrugated and welded together in such a way that hollow longitudinal cells are created within the panels.

A

Cellular decking:

65
Q

Metal decking with slotted perforations designed to allow excess moisture in the concrete cast onto the deck to evaporate downward through the decking.

A

Vented metal decking:

66
Q

Corrugated steel decking manufactured in such a way that it bonds securely to the concrete fill to form a reinforced concrete deck.

A

Composite metal decking:

67
Q

A piece of steel welded to the top of a steel beam or girder so as to become embedded in the concrete fill over the beam and cause the beam and the concrete to act as a single structural unit.

A

Shear stud:

68
Q

A very small roof framing member that spans between joists or purlins. 4

A

Subpurlin:

69
Q

A horizontal beam that supports wall cladding between columns.

A

Girt:

70
Q

Structural steel intended to be left exposed in the finished building and fabricated and installed to a higher quality standard.

A

Architecturally exposed structural steel (AESS):

71
Q

Material used around steel or concrete structural elements to insulate them against excessive temperatures in case of fire.

A

Fireproofing:

72
Q

Fibrous or cementitious insulation applied to steel or concrete with a sprayer to provide protection against the heat of fire.

A

Spray-applied fire-resistive material (SFRM):

73
Q

A paint or mastic that expands to form a stable, insulating char when exposed to fire.

A

Intumescent coating:

74
Q

A steel wide-flange section whose web has been cut along a zigzag path and reassembled by welding in such a way as to create a deeper section.

A

Castellated beam:

75
Q

A large beam made up of steel plates, sometimes in combination with steel angles, that are welded, bolted, or riveted together.

A

Plate girder:

76
Q

A top or bottom member of a truss.

A

Chord:

77
Q

A steel framing system in which story-high trusses, staggered one-half bay from one story to the next, support floor decks on both their top and bottom chords.

A

Staggered truss system:

78
Q

A truss that spans with two-way action.

A

Space truss, space frame:

79
Q

A structural device that supports a vertical load by translating it into axial inclined forces at its supports.

A

Arch:

80
Q

Saddle-shaped or having curvature in two opposing directions.

A

Anticlastic:

81
Q

A low-slump concrete mixture that is deposited by being blown from a nozzle at high speed with a stream of compressed air; pneumatically placed Concrète.

A

Shotcrete:

82
Q

A structure, usually long span, with a fabric roof supported by a higher air pressure inside the structure relative to outside the structure.

A

Air-supported structure:

83
Q

Concrete that has been pretensioned or posttensioned.

A

Prestressed concrete:

84
Q

Applying an initial compressive stress to a concrete structural member, either by pretensioning or postlemsioning.

A

Prestressing:

85
Q

A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches (50 mm) thick, in which the wall members are single pieces that run from the top of the foundation to the underside of the roof framing.

A

Balloon frame:

86
Q

One of an array of small, closely spaced, parallel wall framing members; a heavy steel pin.

A

Stud:

87
Q

A framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof.

A

Rafter:

88
Q

Wood or other material used to partition concealed spaces within combustible framing; intended to restrict the spread of fire within such spaces.

A

Fireblocking:

89
Q

A wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches (51 mm) thick in which the wall members do not run past the floor framing members.

A

Platform frame:

90
Q

The rough covering applied to the outside of the roof, wall, or floor framing of a structure.

A

Sheathing:

91
Q

A wooden joist running perpendicular to the primary direction of the joists in a floor and closing off the floor platform at the outside face of the building. Also called a rim joist.

A

Band joist:

92
Q

The loadbearing beneath a finish floor.

A

Subfloor:

93
Q

The horizontal piece of dimension lumber at the bottom of the studs in a wall in a light frame building; also called a bottom plate.

A

Sole plate:

94
Q

The horizontal member at the top of the studs in a wall in a light frame building.

A

Top plate:

95
Q

A nonstructural framing member against which the upper ends of rafters are fastened.

A

Ridge board:

96
Q

The horizontal bottom portion of a window or door; the exterior surface, usually sloped to shed water, below the bottom of a window or door.

A

Sill:

97
Q

A shortened stud that carries a header above a wall opening; also called a trimmer stud.

A

Trimmer stud:

98
Q

A shortened stud that carries a header above a wall opening; also called a trimmer stud.

A

Jack stud:

99
Q

Boards mounted on stakes outside the excavation area of a building, used to preserve locations for string lines marking the corners of the building foundation.

A

Batter board:

100
Q

A diagram showing the arrangement and sizes of the structural members in a floor or roof.
Framing carpentry, as distinguished from finish carpentry.

A

Framing plan:

Rough carpentry:

101
Q

A compressible material placed between a foundation and a wood sill plate to reduce air infiltration between the outdoors and indoors.

A

Sill seal:

102
Q

A metal flashing placed on top of a concrete foundation to prevent termites from traveling undetected from the ground into the superstructure.

A

Termite shield:

103
Q

Bracing or blocking installed between steel or wood joists at intermediate points to stabilize the joists against buckling and, in some cases, to permit adjacent joists to share loads.

A

Bridging:

104
Q

A full-length stud nailed alongside a jack stud.

A wood wall framing member that is shorter than full-length studs because it is interrupted by a header or sill.

A

King stud:

Cripple stud:

105
Q

A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, or soil pressure against a foundation wall.

A

Lateral force:

106
Q

Forcing out of plumb.

A

Wracking:

107
Q

A stiff wall that imparts lateral force resistance to a building frame.

A

Shear wall:

108
Q

A structural building frame strengthened against lateral forces with diagonal members.

A

Braced frame:

109
Q

A framing component that transfers lateral forces into parts of the structure designed to resist those forces.

A

Collector:

110
Q

A framing member or component acting as a collector to transfer lateral forces within the building frame; also called a drag tie.

A

Drag strut:

111
Q

Short lengths of framing lumber, inserted under points of concentrated load to prevent overloading of I-joist framing members.

A

Squash block:

112
Q

One of a parallel array of light, closely spaced beams used to support a floor deck (floor joist) or low-slope roof (ceiling joist).

A

Joist:

113
Q

A structural beam supporting the upper ends of rafters in a sloped roof, required where the rafters are not tied at their lower ends.

A

Ridge beam:

114
Q

The slope of a roof or other plane, often expressed as inches of rise per foot of run; a dark, viscous hydrocarbon distilled from coal tar; a viscous resin found in wood.

A

Pitch:

115
Q

A difference in elevation, such as the rise of a stair from one floor to the next or the rise per foot of run in a sloping roof.

A

Rise:

116
Q

Horizontal dimension in a stair or sloping roof.

A

Run:

117
Q

An L-shaped measuring tool used by carpenters to lay out right angle cuts as well as more complicated cuts, such as those required for stairs and sloping roof rafters.

A

Framing square:

118
Q

A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

A

Valley:

119
Q

A roof rafter at the intersection of two sloping roof planes. See also Common rafter.

A

Hip rafter:

120
Q

A diagonal rafter that supports a valley.

A

Valley rafter:

121
Q

A wood rafter cut to size and shape and then used to trace cuts onto additional wood members so as to assure consistent dimensions among all rafters.

A

Pattern rafter:

122
Q

A structure protruding through the plane of a sloping roof, usually containing a window and having its own smaller roof.

A

Dormer:

123
Q

A roof rafter that runs parallel to the main slope of the roof. See also Hip rafter.

A

Common rafter:

124
Q

A nonstructural framing member against which the upper ends of rafters are fastened.

A

Ridge board:

125
Q

A piece of wood nailed across two opposing rafters near the ridge to resist wind uplift.

A

Collar tie:

126
Q

An angled notch cut into a rafter to allow the rafter to seat securely on the top plate of a wall.

A

Birdsmouth cut:

127
Q

The exposed vertical face of an eave.

A

Fascia:

128
Q

The sloping edge of a steep roof.

A

Rake:

129
Q

A saw cut that produces a vertical (plumb) surface in a sloping rafter after the rafter is in its final position.

A

Plumb cut:

130
Q

A saw cut that produces a level surface in a sloping rafter when the rafter is in its final position.

A

Level cut:

131
Q

A short rafter, running perpendicular to the other rafters in the roof, which supports a rake overhang.

A

Lookout:

132
Q

A rafter in a rake overhang.

A

Fly Rafter:

133
Q

A wood light framing system that minimizes redundant framing members, reducing the amount of lumber required and increasing the thermal efficiency of the insulated frame.

A

Advanced framing techniques:

CM 1112 (5 decks)

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