Exam 3 - urinary and reproductive Flashcards
Inflammation fo kidney
Nephritis
Inflammatory renal disease the arises in glomerulus
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney, most common in ascending urinary tract infections
Pyelonephritis
“Disease of kidney” refers to degenerative conditions of renal tubules
Nephrosis
An elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine related largely to reduced glomerular filtration rates (GFR).
Azotemia
Causes of azotemia
Glomerular disease, urinary obstruction or decreased renal perfusion
a clinical syndrome complex of renal failure
Uremia
Virtually complete reduction of urinary output; (<50ml urine/day)
Anuria
partial reduction of urinary output; <400ml urine/day
Oliguria
Blood in the urine “smoky” or “dusky” color
Hematuria
What is it called when you see packed “red cell casts” in urinary sediment?
Hematuria
Which one of these is associated with red cell casts in urinary sediment?
Azotemia Uremia Hematuria Nephritis Nephrosis
Hematuria
What is a symptom complex associated with ACUTE glomerular injury (glomerulonephritis, etc)
Nephritic syndrome
What is the symptom complex that makes up nephritic syndrome?
a) Hematuria (with red cell casts)
b) Azotemia and oliguria
c) Some degree of hypertension is common, etc.
In what case does the renal glomerulus become more permeable to plasma proteins
Nephrotic syndrome
What are features of Nephrotic syndrome
Renal glomerulus becomes more permeable to plasma proteins.
- Proteinuria > 3.5gm/day
- Hypoalbuminemia <3gm/dl
- Generalized edema
- Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
Rapidly progressive oliguria or anuria of sudden onset
Acute renal failure
Causes of acute renal failure
- severe pyelonephritis (inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney)
- acute tubular necrosis
- urinary obstruction
- renal artery thrombosis
“End stage” of chronic renal disease and a common cause for morbidity and mortality
Chronic renal failure
Progressive stages of reduced functional activity in Chronic renal failure includes
- Progressive diminished renal reserve
- Renal insufficiency
- Azotemia
- Total renal failure
Most common causes of Chronic renal failure include
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
- Chronic pyelonephritis
Manifestations of Chronic renal failure
- early stages symptoms are vague
- long term effects: HTN, polyuria, anemia, bone loss
Inflammation of glomerulus
Glomerulonephritis (GN)
Goodpasture’s syndrome is associated with what condition
Glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture’s syndrome is associated with auto-reactive antibodies directed against glomerular basement membranes
Name the (5) types of glomerulonephritis (GN) and the prognosis or significant feature
- post streptococcal GN, “acute” | good in children & fair in adults
- rapidly progressive GN | poor prognosis
- membranous GN | thickened glomerular basement membrane, nephrotic syndrome
- lipoid nephrosis “minimal change” | good in children, less good in adults
- chronic GN | end stage, leads to chronic renal failure
Infection of kidney (renal pelvis and parenchyma)
Pyelonephritis
Acute and chronic patterns are differentiated by clinical course, symptoms and prognosis.
Acute pyelonephritis vs chronic pyelonephritis
Acute: sudden onset of fever, malaise, pain in costal-vertebral region
Chronic: major cause of chronic renal failure, affected kidneys become strophic and deformed by scarring
Pyelonephritis
Kidney infection
What are two malformations of the kidney?
Horseshoe kidney Ectopic kidney (lies inferior to normal position)
What happens during development in congenital polycystic diseases?
Cystic structures appear and contribute to obstruction. Multiple cysts appear and may resemble tumors
What are “simple” or acquired cysts?
In the process of aging, people may end up with single or multiple cysts that may look like tumors.
Contributing conditions include scaring, abscesses, or infarcts.
What contributes to hydronephrosis?
Total obstruction of urinary tract
hydronephrosis
Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces with pressure atrophy of parenchyma