Exam 2 - Gastro-Intestinal System Flashcards
Cancers of the mucous membranes of the mouth and lips account for what % of cancer in US
5%
White plaque-keratin precursors that appear in mucus membranes
Leukoplakia
Precancerous lesions include (2)
Leukoplakia Dysplasia (10% cases)
Contributing factors of cancers of mucous membranes of mouth and lips (3)
Physical injury
Chemical (tobacco)
Chronic thrush (candida)
Most common location of cancer of the mucous membranes of mouth and lips
Exposed portions of lower lip (38%)
What cancer of the mucous membranes of mouth and lips has the poorest prognosis
Tongue (33% cases)
5 year survival
Sjogren syndrome is
A rare chronic inflammatory disease of salivary and lacrimal glands. Some cases may be associated with systemic collagen vascular disease
Xerostomia is
Dry mouth
What are general conditions that cause enlargement of salivary glands
Inflammation (e.g. mumps, hypersensitivity rxn)
Obstruction of ducts
Neoplasms e.g. pleomorphic adenoma
Pleomorphic adenoma s are most common in what gland
Parotid (65-80%)
In the esophagus, where are common locations of pathological lesions
Cricoid, tracheal bifurcation, esophageal hiatus
Note: common points of narrowing
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
Subjective condition
Odynophagia is
Painful swallowing
“Odyno-” is Greek for pain. Literal meaning “that which eats or consume”
What are symptomatic manifestations of esophagus disease (3)
Dysphagia
Heart burn
Odynophagia
Achalasia
Motor dysfunction
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring that closes off the esophagus from the stomach. If you have achalasia, your LES fails to open up during swallowing, which it’s supposed to do. This leads to a backup of food within your esophagus.
Trypanosoma cruzii leads to what disease
Chaga’s disease
What are the causes of hiatal hernia and what is the overall incidence
Causes uncertain but may include congenital shortening of esophagus, scarring, trauma, obesity and aging
4-10%
What percentage of hernia population gets a sliding hernia?
90%
What is a sliding hernia
Gastroesophageal junction shifted upward above hiatus
What is paraesophageal hernia and what percentage of hernia population gets it?
Also called “rolling” hernia
Portion of fundus is reflected upward alongside esophagus
50 % or less
Inflammatory scarring, bleeding, ulcers, erosions of the esophagus is called
Esophagitis
What is a chronic esophagitis called that includes mucosal inflammation, erosions, ulcers and columnar cell metaplasia?
Barrett’s esophagus
What part of the esophagus does Barrett’s esophagus appear in?
Lower esophagus
Esophageal varicosities pathogenesis
Portal hypertension (blood is diverted through gastric-esophageal venous anastomoses, esophageal veins enlarge and protrude into lumen)