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NUR112 Pharmacology > Exam 3 study guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has an infection what should you do first?

A

Obtain a culture

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2
Q

Rimantadine

A

antiviral

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3
Q

Isoniazid

A

Route: Oral, IM

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Side effects/adverse reactions
Dry mouth, GI distress, constipation
Blurred vision, photosensitivity, tinnitus
Drowsiness, dizziness, peripheral neuropathy
Psychotic behavior, tremors, seizures
Hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity
Thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis

give with vitamin b6

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4
Q

Rifampin

A

antitubercular
turns body fluids orange

1 hour before or two hours after meals
report numbness or tingling
eye examinations- drugs may cause visual disturbances

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5
Q

Pyrazinzmide

A

antitubercular drug

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6
Q

Ethambutol

A

antitubercular drug

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7
Q

morphine

A

monitor patient closely when administered intravenously - may cause bradypnea and

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8
Q

NSAIDS

A

Take with food

inhibit prostaglandins
Analgesic effect

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9
Q

Tylenol

A

analgesic - safer in children and does not directly influence inflammation

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10
Q

aspirin

A

anti-inflammatory, anti platelet, antipyretic effect

15- 30 mg/dL

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11
Q

allupurinol

A

antigout drug

Action
Blocks reabsorption of uric acid which promotes its excretion

Side effects
Flushed skin, headache, sore gums
GI distress, kidney stones
Severe blood dyscrasias (rare)

avoid organ meats, sardines, salmon, gravy, herring, liver, meat soups, and alcohol (especially beer)

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12
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

myasthenia gravis

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13
Q

Neostigmine

A

short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - used for myasthenic crisis

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14
Q

Common side effects of antipsychotics typical and atypical

A

extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) of parkinsonism, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

atypical antipsychotics are less likely to cause EPS or tar dive dyskinesia

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15
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

antipsychotic
Aliphatic

Side effects
Strong sedation, orthostatic hypotension, moderate Extrapyramidal syndrome
Reddish-brown urine

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16
Q

St johns wort and antidepressants

A

increase chance of serotonin syndrome

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17
Q

MAO Inhibitors interact with what foods

A

Tyramine -
Some cheeses, cream, yogurt, coffee, chocolate, bananas, raisins, Italian green beans, liver, pickled foods, sausage, soy sauce, yeast, beer, and red wines can cause a hypertensive crisis.

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18
Q

What type of disease is arthritis?

A

inflammatory - rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease

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19
Q

What are the complications of herpes virus and what can it cause later on?

A

eye infection is a complication? characterized by cold sores or lesions

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20
Q

DUMBBBELS (cholinergic crisis)

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis(pupil constriction)
Bradycardia
Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
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21
Q

what is the antidote for a cholinergic crisis?

A

atropine

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22
Q

Tuberculosis treatment

A

Multidrug therapy 6-9m

23
Q

how do we test for tuberculosis?

A

sputum sample, blood, skin

24
Q

Why we treat prophylactically?

A

To be proactive and address the possibility of infection in at risk groups

25
Q

What is bacterial resistance and superinfection signs?

A

?

26
Q

What are the types of resistance?

A

acquired
cross
transferred

27
Q

why don’t we give kids aspirin?

A

adverse reaction seen in kids coinciding with viruses

28
Q

SSRI side effects and patient education

A

No grapefruit juice, venlafaxine and St johns wort may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome

headache, nervousness, blurred vision, insomnia, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, suicidal ideation

29
Q

How long before anti depressant / anxiety meds become effective?

A

2-6 weeks

30
Q

What is the difference between daily and weekly dosing?

A

?

31
Q

Why would a depressed patient take more than one drug?

A

combination therapy may increase the chance of effectiveness and remission

32
Q

Ativan

A

Chronic anxiety

33
Q

what does st johns wart interact with?

A

ssri’s

34
Q

Symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A

ineffective muscle contraction and muscle weakness

Leads to weakness of respiratory, facial, and extremity muscles

35
Q

Edrophonium

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
ultrashort-acting for diagnosing

most commonly used to differentiate between myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis

36
Q

Pyridostigmine—intermediate-acting

Adverse effects?

A

A/E: severe muscle weakness, excessive salivation, pupil constriction, fasciculations of facia; muscles (cholinergic crisis)

37
Q

The patient is admitted to the emergency department with cholinergic crisis. The nurse anticipates administration of…

A. atropine
B. baclofen.
C. edrophonium.
D. neostigmine

A

A atropine

38
Q

A patient with myasthenia gravis comes to the emergency department in respiratory distress with a drooping eyelid. To determine if the patient is in myasthenic crisis or cholinergic crisis, the nurse anticipates administration of which drug?

A. Diazepam
B. Baclofen
C. Edrophonium.
D. Neostigmine

A

C. Edrophonium.

39
Q

Extrapyramidal syndrome

A

adverse antipsychotic effect

Stooped posture, masklike facies, rigidity, tremors at rest
Shuffling gait, pill-rolling motion of hands, bradykinesia
Acute dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia

40
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

adverse antipsychotic effect

Excess agitation, altered mental status
Exhaustion, dehydration
Muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, profuse diaphoresis
Blood pressure fluctuations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias
Seizures, rhabdomyolysis
Respiratory and renal failure, coma
Give muscle relaxant Dantroline

41
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

Protrusion and tongue rolling
Lip smacking
Involuntary movement of extremitie

42
Q

Fluphenazine

A

Action
Blocks dopamine receptors in brain

Use
Manages symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosis

side effects: GI distress, peripheral edema, tachycardia, EPS, acute dystonia

43
Q

Haloperidol

A

antipsychotic

Contraindicated in Narrow-angle glaucoma
IM Z track injection

44
Q

Risperidone

A

antipsychotic

Side effects/adverse reactions
Sedation, headaches, photosensitivity, Dry mouth, weight gain

45
Q

Lorazepam

A

Anxiolytic

Inhibits GABA neurotransmission by binding to specific benzodiazepine receptors
Limit use to 2-4 months

46
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants side effects

A

dry mouth and eyes, GI distress, orthostatic hypotension

47
Q

Lithium

A

1.0-1.5

mood stabilizer

48
Q

when are TCAs such as amitriptyline (Elavil) given?

A

at night to minimize problems caused by sedative effects

49
Q

A patient with myasthenia gravis comes to the emergency department in respiratory distress. He has been diagnosed with myasthenic crisis. The nurse anticipates administration of which drug?

A

neostigmine

50
Q

infliximab

A

immunomodulator
administered intravenously

rheumatoid arthritis / crohns disease etc…

51
Q

A 65-year-old man has been diagnosed with chronic gout. The nurse anticipates that the patient will be treated with

A. allopurinol
B. colchicine.
C. adalimumab.
D. infliximab.

A

A. allopurinol

52
Q

Antifungals

A

Amphotericin B, nystatin, flucoconazole, flucytosine, caspofungin

53
Q

normal creatinine clearance range?

A

Male: 97 to 137 mL/min (1.65 to 2.33 mL/s). Female: 88 to 128 mL/min (14.96 to 2.18 mL/s).

NUR112 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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