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NUR112 Pharmacology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does USP mean?

A

US pharmacopeia

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2
Q

What does USP check for?

A

Identity, potency, and purity

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3
Q

What does FDA regulate that USP does not?

A

Appropriate pricing for medications

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4
Q

What is a SMART goal?

A 
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time frame
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5
Q

What is the correct route for the administration of a unit of insulin?

A

subq usually the stomach area

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6
Q

Why can’t insulin be administered orally?

A

It is digestible

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7
Q

Which act provides for the privacy of patient health information?

A

HIPAA

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8
Q

What is the the primary purpose of federal legislation in drug standards?

A

ensuring public safety

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9
Q

How long before a meal should insulin be injected?

A

30 minutes for regular insulin

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10
Q

True or false? Controlled substances should be locked away from patients, and all staff members should have keys for necessary access.

A

False!
All staff should not have keys to the controlled substances; only authorized persons should have keys. All other statements indicate preferred procedures for controlled substances.

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11
Q

A nurse is to administer a dose of furosemide (Lasix). The nurse is aware that Lasix is the ________ for the drug.

A

Brand name

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12
Q

A patient has liver and kidney disease. He is given a medication with a typical half-life of 30 hours. What will happen to the half-life of the drug in this instance?

A

It will be longer

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13
Q

When assessing older adults and those with renal dysfunction, the nurse knows that creatinine clearance is usually __________

A

decreased

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14
Q

What are the 4 stages of the pharmacokinetic phase?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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15
Q

Which nursing actions would be important for ensuring patient safety with a medication that has a low therapeutic index?

A

Monitoring serum peak and trough levels

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16
Q

Where are most drugs metabolized?

A

the liver

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of dehydration? (hypovolemia)

A

Lethargy, lightheaded or dizzy, low BP, decreased urine output, lack of skin turgor

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18
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hypervolemia?

A

edema, fluid in lungs (crackles), SOB, high blood pressure

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19
Q

What should we monitor when treating with diuretics?

A

BP, urine output, potassium levels

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20
Q

What patient education should be provided when taking diuretics?

A

Stand up slow, eat a potassium rich diet (possible supplementation)

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21
Q

What are signs of chronic opiate abuse? (heroin, methadone, morphine, codeine, fentanyl)

A

small pupils
bradypnea
needle marks

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22
Q

What are signs of chronic cocaine abuse?

A 
agitation
paranoia
tachycardia
tachypnea
diaphoresis
hypertension
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23
Q

What are signs of meth abuse?

A 
anorexia 
tachycardia
hypertension
insomnia
skin breakdown and sores (skin picking)
tooth decay
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24
Q

What does protein bound mean?

A

Linked to polypeptides; not freely circulating in the plasma. Drugs or toxins that are heavily protein-bound have less impact on body receptors and metabolic functions than those that circulate in a free (unbound) state.

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25
Q

Can you give a patient two protein bound medications together?

A

NO

drugs compete for protein binding and negative side effects of one or the other will increase dramatically

26
Q

Which herbal remedies can increase bleeding?

A

Garlic
Gingko
Ginger

27
Q

What is APIE or ADPIE?

A 
Assessment
(Diagnosis)
Plan
Implementation
Evaluation
28
Q

Why are infants and the elderly more at risk for drug toxicity?

A

Infants and elderly have decreased liver and kidney clearance

29
Q

What are drug calculations for children based on?

A

Age
Weight
Height

30
Q

If the half life of a drug is 4 hours, how much of the original dose is left after 12 hours?

A

1/8 of the original

31
Q

What are the 6 rights or medication admin?

A 
Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right documentation
32
Q

What are the parts of QSEN competency?

A 
QI
Safety
Informatics
EBP
Teamwork
33
Q

What is tolerance?

A

A decreased sensitivity to a substance to which one has been previously or repeatedly exposed

34
Q

What is dependence?

A

physically dependent on a substance - not necessarily part of addiction

35
Q

What is intoxication?

A

cognitive and physical impairment from drugs or alcohol

36
Q

What is substance use disorder?

A

compulsive drug use despite consequences, inability to stop using the drug

37
Q

What drugs do African-Americans respond poorly to?

A

several classes of antihypertensive agents (beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)

38
Q

What is ethnopharmaocology?

A

the study of drug responses that may be unique to an individual owing to social, cultural, and biologic phenomena

39
Q

What are symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?

A

depression
headaches
irritability

40
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Thirst, decreased urine, WATER FOLLOWS SODIUM

41
Q

Hyponatremia

A

cramps, twitching, weakness, altered consciousness

42
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

cardiac arrest

43
Q

Hypokalemia

A

arrhythmia, hypotension, anorexia, muscle weakness, cramps

44
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

decreased neuromuscular irritability, confusion, fatigue, nausea

45
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

muscle spasms, tetany, convulsions

46
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

weakness, diminished reflexes, hypotension, respiratory depression

47
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

tetany, muscle cramping, seizures

48
Q

Na levels

A

135-145 mEq/L

49
Q

Ca levels

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

50
Q

K levels

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

51
Q

Mg levels

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

52
Q

True or false? the manifestations of cocaine use include

cardiac dysrhythmias and violent behavior.

A

true

53
Q

What are 3 physiologic changes of aging that can affect drug activity?

A

increased fat-to-water ratio
decreased liver enzyme production
loss of nephrons

54
Q

drugs proven to be a risk to the human fetus are included in which FDA pregnancy category(ies)?

A

C
D
X

55
Q

In what instances is the nurse required to chart the patients response to medications?

A 
sedatives
opioids
antiemetics 
analgesics
adverse reactions
56
Q

WHAT ARE THE MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPOCALCEMIA?

A

TWITCHING
SEIZURES
SPASMS

57
Q

A patient is noted to have a serum potassium level of 5.6 mEq/L. The first action the nurse would anticipate would be to

A

decrease potassium intake

58
Q

What is probably the most undiagnosed electrolyte deficiency?

A

Hypomagnesemia

59
Q

Which herb is thought by some to decrease memory loss associated with aging?

A

gingko biloba

60
Q

True of false? Users of St. John’s wort should avoid tyramine-rich foods while taking the supplement.

A

True

NUR112 Pharmacology (3 decks)

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