Exam 3 : Speaking 1

Question 1

Topic on Speaking

Answer 1

Production: what speaking errors tell us about speaking

Question 2

The execution of speak

Answer 2

conceptualization, formulation, articulation, lemmas

Question 3

Conceptualization

Answer 3

The lexical semantic of the word, or meaning

Question 4

Formulation

Answer 4

The words, sounds, and phonemes

Question 5

Articulation

Answer 5

Producing the acoustic sound

Question 6

Lemmas

Answer 6

Words that do not include sound, includes the thing or its part of speech [dog or pet, ] - the semantic category it fits into [dog, noun, ] - and how many syllables it has [dog, noun, 1syl]

Question 7

What do Phonemic Errors consist of?

Answer 7

Errors in single sound production

Question 8

Phonemic Errors: Perseveration

Answer 8

a sound that has already been pronounced is done again

Example: “Tissue Tox”

Question 9

Phonemic Errors: Anticipation

Answer 9

a sound that will later be said correctly, is pronounced early

Example: “Bissue Box”

Question 10

Phonemic Errors: Exchange

Answer 10

a sound is exchanged with another sound

Example: “Bissue Tox”

Question 11

What can we infer from phonemic errors ?

Answer 11

Sounds of words are planned in advance and that sound exchange may come from specific parts of the word - like the beginning sounds, typically with words that rhyme and just have one phonemic difference. The suggestion that we also buffer for onset and rhymes.

Question 12

What do Morphemic Errors consist of?

Answer 12

Error in speaking at the morphemic level, not always going to be single sounded words

Question 13

Morphemic Errors: Deletion

Answer 13

when the morpheme of the word is deleted

Example: “she drink coffee”

Question 14

Morphemic Errors: Exchange

Answer 14

when two morphemes are swapped

Example: “I coffeed our orders” - coffee and order swapped instead of the typically “-s” or “-ed” suffixes

Question 15

What can we infer about Morphemic Errors?

Answer 15

We can infer that we plan before speaking, and that morpheme exchange typically occurs in similar affixes. Meaning that the stem of one word will be swapped with the stem of the other. This will also happen with prefixes and affixes

Question 16

What do errors in word units consist of?

Answer 16

error in articulating the correct word, or word correctly

Question 17

Word Unit error: Substitution

Answer 17

the intended word was not said, instead another was said that was not intended to be stated

Example: “I returned the books” - intended to be “papers”

Question 18

Word Unit error: Exchange

Answer 18

the two words were swapped for one another

Example: “The dog hissed at the cat when it barked at it” - the word hissed and barked are exchanged here

Question 19

Word Unit error: Blend

Answer 19

the two words are blended together

Example: “They misunderestimated me”

Question 20

What can we infer about Word Unit errors ?

Answer 20

Word exchanges typically occur when they are in the same clause or in the same syntactic category

Question 21

What can we infer about blending error?

Answer 21

Bad planning before speaking
Blending of words typically occurs when the words have similar meaning:
- “misunderestimated” - misunderstood and underestimated

Question 22

How do speech errors reflect the processes that we go through when we plan utterances?

Answer 22

Even in the instance in which we make a speech error, we typically will not mess up when it comes to the tense of the word

Example: “I’d hear it if I knew it” - while “hear” and “knew” are meant to “know” and “heard”, we do not messed up the tense of the incorrectly said words

Question 23

What does the process we go through to plan utterances, say about order?

Answer 23

The error in our head was made, THEN we applied the tense onto the words