Exam 3 : Speaking 1 Flashcards
Topic on Speaking
Production: what speaking errors tell us about speaking
The execution of speak
conceptualization, formulation, articulation, lemmas
Conceptualization
The lexical semantic of the word, or meaning
Formulation
The words, sounds, and phonemes
Articulation
Producing the acoustic sound
Lemmas
Words that do not include sound, includes the thing or its part of speech [dog or pet, ] - the semantic category it fits into [dog, noun, ] - and how many syllables it has [dog, noun, 1syl]
What do Phonemic Errors consist of?
Errors in single sound production
Phonemic Errors: Perseveration
a sound that has already been pronounced is done again
Example: “Tissue Tox”
Phonemic Errors: Anticipation
a sound that will later be said correctly, is pronounced early
Example: “Bissue Box”
Phonemic Errors: Exchange
a sound is exchanged with another sound
Example: “Bissue Tox”
What can we infer from phonemic errors ?
Sounds of words are planned in advance and that sound exchange may come from specific parts of the word - like the beginning sounds, typically with words that rhyme and just have one phonemic difference. The suggestion that we also buffer for onset and rhymes.
What do Morphemic Errors consist of?
Error in speaking at the morphemic level, not always going to be single sounded words
Morphemic Errors: Deletion
when the morpheme of the word is deleted
Example: “she drink coffee”
Morphemic Errors: Exchange
when two morphemes are swapped
Example: “I coffeed our orders” - coffee and order swapped instead of the typically “-s” or “-ed” suffixes
What can we infer about Morphemic Errors?
We can infer that we plan before speaking, and that morpheme exchange typically occurs in similar affixes. Meaning that the stem of one word will be swapped with the stem of the other. This will also happen with prefixes and affixes
What do errors in word units consist of?
error in articulating the correct word, or word correctly
Word Unit error: Substitution
the intended word was not said, instead another was said that was not intended to be stated
Example: “I returned the books” - intended to be “papers”
Word Unit error: Exchange
the two words were swapped for one another
Example: “The dog hissed at the cat when it barked at it” - the word hissed and barked are exchanged here
Word Unit error: Blend
the two words are blended together
Example: “They misunderestimated me”
What can we infer about Word Unit errors ?
Word exchanges typically occur when they are in the same clause or in the same syntactic category
What can we infer about blending error?
Bad planning before speaking
Blending of words typically occurs when the words have similar meaning:
- “misunderestimated” - misunderstood and underestimated
How do speech errors reflect the processes that we go through when we plan utterances?
Even in the instance in which we make a speech error, we typically will not mess up when it comes to the tense of the word
Example: “I’d hear it if I knew it” - while “hear” and “knew” are meant to “know” and “heard”, we do not messed up the tense of the incorrectly said words
What does the process we go through to plan utterances, say about order?
The error in our head was made, THEN we applied the tense onto the words
