Exam 3: Screening In Medicine

Question 1

Should every patient be screened for a particular disease if it has a screening test for it?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

What two questions should every patient ask their physician when a screening test is recommended?

Answer 2

1. How accurate ?

2. How confident?

Question 3

What test correctly reports a positive result in a patient that actually does have a disease?

Answer 3

True positive

Question 4

What test correctly reports a negative result in a patient that actually does not have the disease

Answer 4

True Negative

Question 5

What test incorrectly reports a positive result in a patient that does not have the disease

Answer 5

False positive

Question 6

Which test incorrectly reports a negative result in a patient that actually does have the disease

Answer 6

False Negative

Question 7

This test is best at detecting the presence of disease when disease is present

Answer 7

Sensitivity test

Question 8

TP / (TP + FN) x 100% = ?

Answer 8

Sensitivity

Question 9

This test is great a detecting the absence of disease when the disease is absent

Answer 9

Specificity

Question 10

TN / (TN + FP) x 100% = ?

Answer 10

Specificity

Question 11

This test tells us how accurately a positive test predicts the presence of disease

Answer 11

Positive Predictive Value

Question 12

TP / (TP + FP) x 100% = ?

Answer 12

Positive Predictive Value

Question 13

This test tells us how accurately a negative test predicts the absence of disease

Answer 13

Negative Predictive Value

Question 14

TN/ (TN + FN) x100% = ?

Answer 14

Negative Predictive Value

Question 15

This calculation is the proportion of time that a patient is correctly identified as either having a disease or not having a disease with a positive or negative test, respectively

Answer 15

Diagnostic Accuracy (DA) [or diagnostic precision (DP)]

Question 16

(TP + TN) / (TP + FP + FN + TN) x 100 % = ?

Answer 16

Diagnostic accuracy or diagnostic Precision

Question 17

This is a ratio of the probability of a “given test result” for a person with disease divided by the probability of the same test result for a person without disease

Answer 17

Likelihood ratio

Question 18

Probability of a positive test in the presence of disease divided by the probability of a positive test in the absence of disease is what ratio?

Answer 18

Likelihood of positive ratio

Question 19

Sensitivity / (1-specificity) = ?

Answer 19

Likelihood ratio positive

Question 20

Probability of a negative test in the presence of disease divided by the probability of a negative test in the absence of disease is what ratio?

Answer 20

Likelihood ratio negative

Question 21

(1-sensitivity) / specificity = ?

Answer 21

Likelihood ratio negative

Question 22

What should LR + be to demonstrate the test is most beneficial?

Answer 22

Greater 10

Question 23

What should LR - be to demonstrate the test is most beneficial ?

Answer 23

Less than 0.1

Question 24

The ability to accurately discern between those that do an those that do not have the disease is known as __________?

Answer 24

Validity

Question 25

The extent which results accurately reflect what was being assessed (true situation of study population)

Answer 25

Internal validity

Question 26

The extent to which results are applicable to other populations (not included in the original study; also known as generalizability)

Answer 26

External validity

Question 27

The ability of a test to give the same result on repeated uses is known as ______________?

Answer 27

Reliability

Question 28

True or false

A valid test is always reliable, yet a reliable test is not always valid

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The normal and abnormal range of blood sugar tests are a good example of this type of testing

Answer 29

Multiple cutoff values