Exam 3: Screening In Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Should every patient be screened for a particular disease if it has a screening test for it?

A

No

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2
Q

What two questions should every patient ask their physician when a screening test is recommended?

A
  1. How accurate ?

2. How confident?

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3
Q

What test correctly reports a positive result in a patient that actually does have a disease?

A

True positive

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4
Q

What test correctly reports a negative result in a patient that actually does not have the disease

A

True Negative

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5
Q

What test incorrectly reports a positive result in a patient that does not have the disease

A

False positive

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6
Q

Which test incorrectly reports a negative result in a patient that actually does have the disease

A

False Negative

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7
Q

This test is best at detecting the presence of disease when disease is present

A

Sensitivity test

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8
Q

TP / (TP + FN) x 100% = ?

A

Sensitivity

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9
Q

This test is great a detecting the absence of disease when the disease is absent

A

Specificity

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10
Q

TN / (TN + FP) x 100% = ?

A

Specificity

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11
Q

This test tells us how accurately a positive test predicts the presence of disease

A

Positive Predictive Value

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12
Q

TP / (TP + FP) x 100% = ?

A

Positive Predictive Value

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13
Q

This test tells us how accurately a negative test predicts the absence of disease

A

Negative Predictive Value

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14
Q

TN/ (TN + FN) x100% = ?

A

Negative Predictive Value

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15
Q

This calculation is the proportion of time that a patient is correctly identified as either having a disease or not having a disease with a positive or negative test, respectively

A

Diagnostic Accuracy (DA) [or diagnostic precision (DP)]

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16
Q

(TP + TN) / (TP + FP + FN + TN) x 100 % = ?

A

Diagnostic accuracy or diagnostic Precision

17
Q

This is a ratio of the probability of a “given test result” for a person with disease divided by the probability of the same test result for a person without disease

A

Likelihood ratio

18
Q

Probability of a positive test in the presence of disease divided by the probability of a positive test in the absence of disease is what ratio?

A

Likelihood of positive ratio

19
Q

Sensitivity / (1-specificity) = ?

A

Likelihood ratio positive

20
Q

Probability of a negative test in the presence of disease divided by the probability of a negative test in the absence of disease is what ratio?

A

Likelihood ratio negative

21
Q

(1-sensitivity) / specificity = ?

A

Likelihood ratio negative

22
Q

What should LR + be to demonstrate the test is most beneficial?

A

Greater 10

23
Q

What should LR - be to demonstrate the test is most beneficial ?

A

Less than 0.1

24
Q

The ability to accurately discern between those that do an those that do not have the disease is known as __________?

25
The extent which results accurately reflect what was being assessed (true situation of study population)
Internal validity
26
The extent to which results are applicable to other populations (not included in the original study; also known as generalizability)
External validity
27
The ability of a test to give the same result on repeated uses is known as ______________?
Reliability
28
True or false A valid test is always reliable, yet a reliable test is not always valid
True
29
The normal and abnormal range of blood sugar tests are a good example of this type of testing
Multiple cutoff values