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Epidemiology > Exam 2 : Lecture Cross Section > Flashcards

Exam 2 : Lecture Cross Section Flashcards

1
Q

Cross sectional study, is it interventional or observational?

A

Observational

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2
Q

What do cross section studies do?

A

Capture health/disease and exposure statuses at the SAME TIME

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3
Q

Cross-sectional studies is also known as ____________

A

Prevalence study

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4
Q

Cross sectional study acquires information about a population without regard to exposure. T or F

A

True

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5
Q

What is known as a “snap shot” in time?

A

Cross sectional study

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6
Q

Cross sectional studies seek association. T or F

A

True

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7
Q

Cross sectional studies are not generalizable. T or F

A

False, they are

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8
Q

Every element in the population has a known probability of being included in sample

A

Probability sample

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9
Q

Examples of probability samples

A 
Simple
Systematic 
Stratified simple
Stratified disproportionate
Multi stage 
Cluster multi-stage
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10
Q

Assign random numbers, then take randomly selected number to get desired sample size or
Assigne random numbers then sequentially list numbers and take desired sample size from top of listed numbers

A

Simple random sampling

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11
Q

Assign random numbers, then randomly sort here random numbers, then select highest (or lowest), then take every Nth number to get desired sample size

A

Systematic random sampling

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12
Q

Sampling frame by by desired characteristic, then use simple random sampling to select desired sample size

A

Stratifed simple

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13
Q

Utilize stratified simple random sampling when baseline population is not at the desired proportional percentages to referent population
Stratified sample weighted to return sample population back to baseline population

A

Stratifed disproportionate

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14
Q 
Uses simple random sampling at multiple stages towards selection:
Regions
Cit blocks
Clinic
Individuals
A

Multistage random sampling

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15
Q

Random sampling but cluster together or selected for inclusion
ex: all clinics in zip code
All house holds in community

A

Cluster multi stage

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16
Q

Quasi-Systematic or Conveniece samples

A

Decide on what fraction of population is to be sampled and how they will be sampled
(Non probable!)
Ex: all persons whose last name begins with M-Z

17
Q

What are the two common broad approaches to collection of study data?

A

Questionnaires/surveys

Physical assessment

18
Q

Advantages of cross-sectional study?

A

Quicker and easier for researcher
Less expensive for researcher
Can be analyzed like a case-control or cohort
Useful for estimating prevalence
Useful for answering research questions about a myriad of exposures and disease

19
Q

Disadvantages of cross sectional study?

A

Prevalent cases may represent survivors
Difficult to study diseases of low frequency
Unable to generate incidence rates
Problems in determine temporal relationship of presumed cause and effect

20
Q

NHANES

A

National health and nutrition examination survey

21
Q

NHIS

A

National health interview survey

22
Q

NAMCS

A

National ambulatory medical care survey

23
Q

NHCS

A

National hospital care survey

24
Q

BRFSS

A

Behavioral risk factor surveillance system

25
Q

How is info gathered for NHANES?

A

Interviews and physical examinations (active survallence)

26
Q

NHIS is used for what and how?

A

Health of non-institutionalized population

Personal household interviews

27
Q

NAMCS is used for what and how?

A

Ambulatory medical care services

Visits to non-federal, non-institutional physicians primarily in direct patient care

28
Q

NHCS is used for what and how?

A

National patterns of healcare delivery in non federal hospital based settings
Integrates : NHDS, NHAMCS, DAWN

29
Q

BRFSS is used for what and how?

A

Telephone health surveys

Collects info on risk behaviors , preventive health practices, and heal care access

30
Q

How are adults interviewed in BRFSS?

A

Telephone

31
Q

How are youth questioned for BRFSS?

A

Using questionnaires in school

Epidemiology (9 decks)

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