Exam 3 - review questions

Question 1

A species that is put into an area in which it did not occur naturally is said to have been:

Answer 1

introduced

Question 2

Hawaii and Australia are islands (small and large) that seem to be relatively vulnerable to invasive species. Why?

Answer 2

1. long standing geographic isolation
2. ecological naivety
3. few large herbivores and predators
4. far distances for colonizing organisms to reach their shores

Question 3

What invasive, exotic species are there in Australia?

Answer 3

• Burmese python
• cane toad
• zebra mussel
• nutria

Question 4

Hybridization has been occurring between these 2 native species and related species, thereby leading to genetic swamping of the other species. In the US these are:

Answer 4

• mallard ducks

- coyotes

Question 5

Feral hogs are a major ______ _______ in KY.

Answer 5

disease reservoir

Question 6

The problem with introduced earthworms is that they:

Answer 6

quickly compose organic matter in systems used to slow release

Question 7

The quantity, quality, and frequency of arriving organisms via invasion is known as:

Answer 7

propagule pressure

Question 8

If 50,000 invasive species are released in a new area, how many will become invasive and likely to establish?

Answer 8

“Tens Rule” states about 1/1000 species introduced will become invasive (generally)

50,000/1,000 = 50

Question 9

Skellman found that invasive species often spread in a:

Answer 9

radial wave

Question 10

Elton found that species rich communities:

Answer 10

were least likely to be invaded by invasive species.

Question 11

The Lacey Act was amended in 2008 to:

Answer 11

keep track of importation of wood species, including those potentially invasive.

Question 12

The zone where species are most thermodynamically comfortable is known as:

Answer 12

climatic envelope

Question 13

There is a strong correlation between temperature and the greenhouse gas _____.

Answer 13

carbon dioxide.

Question 14

Evidence for anthropogenic climate change during the past 150 years is supported by what evidence?

Answer 14

1. changing distribution of species
2. rising sea levels
3. rising temperatures
4. changing phenology of species
5. rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
6. melting glaciers and ice caps

Question 15

A ghost forest is:

Answer 15

tidal inundation and increased salinity that kills trees

Question 16

Direct carbon dioxide effect can lead to:

Answer 16

1. increased ocean acidity
2. increased C:N ratios in plant tissue
3. more coral death and bleaching
4. faster growing plants

Question 17

Two federally listed US species that are likely to be impacted by inundation of sea water in coming decades are:

Answer 17

1. Florida panther

2. Florida red wolf

Question 18

This greenhouse gas could be released in major amounts that could really accelerate climate change if warming continues. It is released quite heavily from bacterial decay of organic matter locked up in frozen tundra.

Answer 18

Methane

Question 19

The global panel of scientists that periodically meet and come together to review, revise, and publish the latest scientific models on climate change

Answer 19

IPCC

Question 20

An organism where a parasite reaches the adult stage and reproduces

Answer 20

primary host

Question 21

This prion-based pathogen is 100% fatal to members of the deer family

Answer 21

chronic wasting disease

Question 22

This neurological disease caused by a lyssavirus is also nearly always fatal to humans and a number of mammalian hosts without vaccination. It has unfortunately been spread to wild animals via domestic animals in many places around the world

Answer 22

rabies

Question 23

This disease is one again back in the headlines, having killed chickens and other birds within the US.

Answer 23

avian flue (influenza)

Question 24

One climate change related phenomenon may be influencing the range of this general type of parasite responsible for harming moose and people.

Answer 24

tick

Question 25

Bats struck with white-nose syndrome ultimately die from:

Answer 25

starvation

Question 26

Dutch elk disease, chestnut blight, and sudden oak death are all caused by this type of pathogen:

Answer 26

fungus

Question 27

The sum of genetic variation within a population is known as:

Answer 27

gene pool

Question 28

This can be a good proxy (metric) for the health of a population

Answer 28

genetic variation (heterozygosity)

Question 29

The expected rate of mutation of DNA sequences over time can be used to determine evolutionary and other more recent relationships. We call this rate a _______ _____.

Answer 29

molecular clock

Question 30

Which of these are NOT a typical measure of the level of genetic diversity for a given species?

Answer 30

between species

Question 31

Which of these add to genetic variation?

Answer 31

genetic flow and mutation

Question 32

What is the most important source of the loss of genetic diversity over time, basically a penalty of sexual reproduction?

Answer 32

genetic drift

Question 33

The ultimate source of genetic variation within an organism is

Answer 33

mutation

Question 34

When an allele reaches 100% within a population it becomes _______. When many deleterious alleles are inherited in this way we can get a ________ _______.

Answer 34

fixed, mutational meltdown

Question 35

The number of breeders in a population which ultimately are the ones contributing to the genetic diversity is

Answer 35

effective population size

Question 36

When genetic diversity gets particularly low due to too few individuals, species can undergo this kind of situation that’s very hard to regain genetic diversity

Answer 36

bottleneck

Question 37

Dpt is a measure of genetic diversity among populations within a species. It allows you to:

Answer 37

discover how genetic diversity is distributed across populations

Question 38

This term could also mean random chance events that really take their toll of small populations

Answer 38

stochasticity

Question 39

The MVP of a species stands for

Answer 39

minimum viable population