Exam 3 - Invasive Species

Question 1

Invasive Species Terminology:

Cryptogenic

Answer 1

Species whose status cannot be readily determined

Question 2

Invasive Species Terminology:

Indigenous and Native

Answer 2

Describes species that evolved in a region

Question 3

Invasive Species Terminology:

Introduced (nonindigenous)

Answer 3

A species that has been released outside its native range

Question 4

Invasive Species Terminology:

Introduction

Answer 4

The release of escape of a nonnative species

Question 5

Invasive Species Terminology:

Invasion

Answer 5

The establishment and speed of an introduced species

Question 6

Invasive Species Terminology:

Reintroduced

Answer 6

Intentionally released individuals of a native species that was locally endangered or extinct

Question 7

Define: Invasive exotic species

Answer 7

A species that is non-native/non-indigenous/introduced and whose population is spreading in non-native region

Question 8

Globally, 20% of all vertebrates are threatened by _______ ______.

Answer 8

Invasive species

Question 9

About 88% of invasive species in North America come from ______.

Answer 9

Eurasia (6,600 species introduced to US since European discovery)

Question 10

What four regions of the US tend to be more vulnerable to invasion by exotic species and why?Au

Answer 10

Hawaii, California, and Florida
-climate advantage for subtropical and tropical species

Great Lakes

Question 11

What two countries were emphasized in class to be particularly vulnerable to invasive species?

Answer 11

Australia and New Zealand

They both evolved in relatively isolated conditions resulting in more vulnerability to invasive species.

Question 12

Why are islands relatively more vulnerable to invasive species?

Answer 12

• More open niches with reduced competition
• Large herbivores and carnivores seldom occur
• Native species are susceptible to diseases brought by invaders

Question 13

The introduction of ___, ____, and ____ devastated populations of ecologically naive small marsupials of Australia.

Answer 13

red foxes, house cats, and cane toads

Question 14

Population and Community Impacts:

brown tree snake

Answer 14

• drove bird populations to little or none

- fast turnover

Question 15

Population and Community Impacts:

Nile perch

Answer 15

-Introduction of nile perch into African Rift Lakes led to the extinction of numerous species

Question 16

Population and Community Impacts:

Asian Carp

Answer 16

• plankton and algae feeders
• large with no natural predators in the Great Lakes
• Cause 7 billion in damage/year in the great lakes
• competitor and predator

Question 17

Population and Community Impacts:

Zebra mussles

Answer 17

• invasive species that established first in Lake Erie
• killed almost all native mussel
• an introduced competitor

Question 18

Population and Community Impacts:

Common invasive plant species of the bluegrass region

Answer 18

• multiflora rose
• bush honeysuckle
• japanese honeysuckle
• winter creeper
• dandelions

all prolific seed producers and competitive

Question 19

Population and Community Impacts:

Kudzu

Answer 19

• “vine that ate the south”

- smothers everything- extensive root system

Question 20

Morphological and Behavioral Impacts

Answer 20

• can impact behavior like pollination or prey switching
• ex. cane toad are super toxic, larger snakes that eat them can spread the toxin more so than smaller snakes, larger snakes were selected for - this changed the snakes morphology

Question 21

Genetic impacts of invasive species

Answer 21

Genetic swamping

- example: mallard ducks, spread of these ducks by humans led to genetic swamping of the species

Question 22

Ecosystem and economic impacts

Answer 22

• American Elm: Dutch elm disease
• American Chestnut: Long Island fungus
• Ash (Fraxinus gene): Emerald Ash borer - has no major predator in US, attacks all ash species
• Invasive snakes (constrictors) in S. Florida