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Physiology 2 Final Exam Review > Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Interstitial cells of Cajal are associated with which of the following functions?

A

Pacemaker activity for smooth muscle cells

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2
Q

Which of the following serve as stimuli for the secretion of pepsinogen?

A

All of the above:

  • acid in stomach
  • vagus nerves
  • gastric enteric plexus
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3
Q

HCL secretion in the stomach is stimulated by histamine. Histamine is secreted by which of the following

A

Enterochromaffin cells

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4
Q

Which of the following seq is correct with regard to the sequences of layers making up from inside to outside?

A

Mucosa
Lamina propria
Submucosa
Circular muscle layer

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5
Q

T or F: The submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus is primarily responsible for regulating intestinal smooth muscle

A

False

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6
Q

Which of the following characterizes the ionic concentration of saliva during maximum secretion?

A

Sodium and chloride concentrations are higher than during normal secretion and potassium conc is less

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7
Q

Pepsinogen is secreted by which of the following cell types?

A

Chief cells

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8
Q

The external anal sphincter is innervated by which of the following?

A

Somatic innervations via the pudendal nerve

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9
Q

Which of the following is the main driving force for HCL secretion in the stomach?

A

Potassium-Hydrogen pump

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10
Q

Blood supply to the liver is via which of the following pathways?

A

A and B only

  • Portal vein
  • Hepatic arteries
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11
Q

Which of the following would NOT be responsible for tonic contractions in the gut wall?

A

Food in the gut lumen

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12
Q

In the mechanism for HCL secretion, which of the following ion exhangers DOES NOT require energy?

A

Bicarbonate - chloride exchanger

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13
Q

The gastrocolic reflex, enterogastric reflex, and colonileal reflex are examples of which of the following?

A

Reflexes from the gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and then back to the GI tract

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14
Q

Which of the following kinds of ion channesl are primarily responsible for action potentials in GI smooth muscle fibers?

A

Calcium

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15
Q

The voluntary stage of swallowing ends at which of the following locations?

A

Pharynx

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16
Q

Which of the following factors is not involved with heat production?

A

Sweating

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17
Q

Per molecule of glucose, how many CO2 molecules are released from Kreb cycle oxidative phos?

A

Four

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18
Q

T or F: Peripheral detection of temperature mainly concerns detecting cool and cold instead of warm temperatures

A

True

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19
Q

Heating which of the following areas results in profuse sweating, body wide cutaneous vasodilation, and inhibition of excess heat production?

A

Anterior hypothalamic/preoptic area

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20
Q

T or F: Cooling the ant hypothalamic area increases production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which leads to an increased output of thyroxine

A

True

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21
Q

The critical core body temp at which drastic changes occur in the rates of both heat loss and heat production called set point. This temp is

A

37.1 C

22
Q

Which of the following determines the set point at which sweating begins?

A

Skin temp

23
Q

T or F: A person can withstand several hours of temps of 130F if the air is 100% humidified

A

False

24
Q

Which of the following is/are a causative factor of fever?

A

All of the above

  • brain abnormalities
  • surgery in the region of the hypothalamus
  • prostaglandins
  • lipopolysaccharide toxins
25
Q

The ability of the hypothalamus to regulate temp is lost at which of the following temps?

A

85F

26
Q

Which of the salivary glands is almost entirely serous in its secretions

A

Parotid

27
Q

Which of the following BEST represents the most imp functional role of insulin in the body?

A

Controls from moment to moment whether fat or carbohydrate will be used by cells for energy

28
Q

T or F: In the smooth musculature of the gut wall spike waves occur automatically when the resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle becomes more positive than about -40mV

A

True

29
Q

Absorption of glucose into cells against a concentration gradient is dependent of the active transport of which of the following ions?

A

Sodium

30
Q

For each molecule of glucose that is hydrolyzed in glycolysis, what is the net gain in ATPs?

A

Two

31
Q

Regarding the chemiosmotic mechanism and ETC, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A

A strong positive potential is created in the inner matrix

32
Q

Hydrogen ions generated in which of the following pathways are bound to NADP+ rather than NAD+?

A

Pentose phosphate pathway

33
Q

Which of the following kinds of lipoproteins contain the highest conc of cholesterol

A

LDLs

34
Q

In the conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA, which of the following is used as a carrier molecule into the mitochondria

A

Carnitine

35
Q

In the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which of the following are transformed into the characteristic foam cells?

A

Macrophages

36
Q

T or F: When the substrate conc is high, the rxn rate is determined almost entirely by the concentration of the enzyme

A

True

37
Q

In the urea (ornithine) cycle, which of the following reactions occurs in the mitochondria?

A

Ammonia + carbon dioxide –> carbamoyl phosphate

38
Q

In protein synthesis, how many high energy phosphate bonds are needed to form one peptide linkage?

A

Four

39
Q

Which of the following is the major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism in the body?

A

ADP

40
Q

T or F: The space of Disse is found between the opposing faces of two columns of hepatic cells

A

False

41
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A

The liver has a high blood flow and a low vascular resistance

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the metabolic syndrome associated with diabetes?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

43
Q

The major pigment in bile is

A

Bilirubin

44
Q

Heme is released from damaged RBCs and split into globin and heme by macrophages. Heme is then converted into which of the following by heme oxygenase?

A

Biliverdin

45
Q

A higher than normal back pressure in hepatic veins may lead to the following conditions

A

Ascites

46
Q

Which of the following increases resistance to blood flow in the liver?

A

Cirrhosis

47
Q

Triglycerides enter the lymph from the intestinal epithelial cells as chylomicrons. Which of the following is absorbed to the chylomicron surface?

A

Apoprotein B

48
Q

The conversion of ATP to ADP, as it occurs under conditions within the body, is best described as follows?

A

Exergonic; 12,000 cal/mole

49
Q

The max number of ATPs derived from ox phos per glucose molecule is approx?

A

38

50
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of phosphocreatine

A

It can participate directly in energy transfer

Physiology 2 Final Exam Review (4 decks)

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