Exam 3: Remineralization Flashcards
3 types of demineralization
- surface demineralization (dental erosion)
- subsurface demineralization (dental caries)
- etched enamel demineralization
type of demineralization attack that occurs in vivo from food and beverages (citric acid), pH 2-4 critical, attack relatively short
surface demineralization
true/false? In vitro experimentation can be used to simulate surface demineralization
true, it can
The “softening” of the enamel or local removal of mineral is limited to a depth of the order of…
1—10 micron
Subsurface demineralization is caused by _________ covering the enamel in _____ areas
acid produced by the oral biofilm, localized
compared to surface demineralization, subsurface demineralization occurs in pH ____ and time of attack generally ____
4.5-6.5, longer
in subsurface demineralization: surface layer ______ and the thickness of this porous surface layer arounds ____; the lesion depth may vary from about ______
partially intact, 20 microns, 20 microns to 1mm.
demineralization caused by a brief treatment with a very strong acid (ex: H3PO4), to roughen a tooth surface prior to application of dental composite.
etched enamel demineralization
basic mineral unit of enamel and dentine
hydroxyapatite
hydroxyapatite is _____ and exhibits a _____ that intersect each other at ______
hexagonal, lattice striation, 60 degrees
hydroxyapatite lattice allows the inclusion of ___ ions such as _____________
extraneous, fluoride and carbonate ions
hydroxyapatite is organized in a tightly packed manner in the _____
enamel prisms
enamel prisms have a diameter of ____, “____” shaped, and run from
the dentin in a ______ to anatomical enamel surface
4 -5 µm, “keyhole” shaped, slightly curved pattern
Between prisms, there are the _______ with an average width of about _____
inter-prismatic area, 0.1 µm
In center of prism, length direction of the crystallites is ________ of
the prism. Near inter-prismatic space, the crystallite directions may ______ from
long axis
parallel to the long axis, differ 60 degrees
When the pH surrounding the enamel prism decreases, the solubility of HA
____.
increases
process of ion deposition, sourced from the surrounding environment (___), into voids in demineralized enamel, to produce ______
(saliva,
biofilm, tooth), net mineral gain
any inter-crystal and inter-rod spaces caused by dissolution, including crystal repair
void
true or false? the term “void” does not include precipitation of solid phases onto enamel surfaces
true, it does not
fluoride acts as a…
- catalyst
- influences rxn rates with dissolution and transformation of various Ca phosphate minerals
Fluoride (at_____) increases the deposition rate by a ____
sub-ppm level, 2 to 3
incorporating minimal amounts of fluoride into hydroxyapatite yields _______ which exhibits a
____ acid solubility compared to HA
fluorhydroxyapatite, reduced
trace amounts of fluoride is found in…
saliva
fluoride is highly effective on _______ caries but less so on ______ caries
smooth surface caries, pit/fissure caries
Remineralization is hampered by limited bioavailability of ________
calcium and phosphate
a stabilized system of
calcium and phosphate resulting from being encapsulation with casein
Casein Phosphopeptide–Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP)
a crystalline system that was modified to protect
calcium from prematurely interacting with ionic F
Functionalized β-Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP)
biofilm modifiers were designed to enhance the remineralizing effect of F by affecting ________ of the dental biofilm around caries lesions.
the amount, composition, and metabolic activity
arginine (ex. of biofilm modifier) is claimed to be metabolized by arginolytic bacteria in the biofilm to
produce ___, hence________ in the biofilm
base molecules, increasing the pH
Dentinal crystals are _______ than those in enamel.
smaller and more reactive
Silver diamine fluoride is an ________ containing fluoride and silver and is used for
caries treatment in _____________
alkaline topical solution, young children and root caries
