Exam 3: Bonding to Enamel

Question 1

adhesion requirements

Answer 1

• clean adherend (substrate)
• good wetting
• intimate adaptation
• bonding
• good curing

Question 2

requirement for a clean adherend

Answer 2

The substrate must not contain anything on the surface

that would prevent an adhesive from coming into good contact with it.

Question 3

requirement for good wetting

Answer 3

The adhesive must spread onto the adherend with a low contact angle
so that it wets the surface and develops good intimate contact.

Question 4

requirement for intimate adaptation

Answer 4

If good wetting occurs and the material flows adequately, then it
can penetrate into all the surface interstices and develop good adaptation

Question 5

requirement for bonding

Answer 5

The adhesive should interact in as many ways as possible with the substrate.

Question 6

requirement for good curing

Answer 6

The entire process depends on the adhesive (and restorative filling
materials) becoming fully cured

Question 7

performance factors; what accounts for 50%+ observed variability?

Answer 7

• operator
• design
• materials
• intraoral location
• patient

operator (dentist)

Question 8

in bonding to enamel, which bonding mechanism is most important?

Answer 8

micromechanical mechanism

Question 9

in bonding to dentin, which bonding mechanism is most important?

Answer 9

all used in combination, micromechanical and hybridization are most relevant

Question 10

______ and ______ can be used to

chemically bond to enamel.

Answer 10

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) and Resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGICs)

Question 11

in GIC and RMGICs, (+) charges in enamel (from ___ions) strongly interact with (-) charges in the dental material (______) in the GICs and RMGICs.

Answer 11

Ca, (from the carboxylic groups (-COO-)

Question 12

what is buonocore?

Answer 12

formed in the 1950s that suggested etching enamel prior to the material application,

Question 13

Between 1960-70s, optimum bonding conditions with ______ has been established,
and this technique is known as ________ or ______ technique

Answer 13

phosphoric acid, etch-and-rinse or the total etch

Question 14

optimum bonding steps (4)

Answer 14

1. etching
2. etchant washed/rinsed away
3. enamel surface dried
4. apply adhesive

Question 15

When the H3PO4 etches enamel, it reacts with the mineral and _______, which results in a ______, mostly the ____ etch pattern

Answer 15

dissolves it heterogeneously, rough etched enamel surface, Type I

Question 16

long-term durability of bonding between

the material and enamel depends on…

Answer 16

• etching effectiveness
• strong interaction between etched enamel and material
• the intrinsic mechanical properties of the dental material and enamel

Question 17

do you need rinsing in a self-etch system?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

Orthodontic bands can be alternatively bonded to etched enamel with ___________

Answer 18

dimethacrylate-based resin adhesives or glass ionomer cements.

Question 19

sealants are the ______ dimethacrylate-based resin composites

Answer 19

most flowable

Question 20

The standard application of sealants is after enamel etching with _______ agent. They
are _____ materials

Answer 20

phosphoric acid, light cured

Question 21

The acidic monomer used in self-etched systems normally bear _________,
in an attempt to produce etching effects

Answer 21

carboxylic or phosphoric acid groups

Question 22

The smear layer is ________ with self-etch adhesive system

Answer 22

partially dissolved but not removed

Question 23

The pH in self-etch systems is between ___________ than phosphoric acid based etchants

Answer 23

10 and 1000 times less acidic