Exam 3 Quizes 9-12 Flashcards
What did American soldiers discover upon reaching the interior of Germany in 1945?
Concentration camps where the Nazis systematically murdered millions of Jews and so-called undesirables
Which of the following was agreed to at the Yalta conference?
The Soviets would have a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe
The Allied invasion of Europe by the Allied Expeditionary Force was known as Operation
Overlord
What did Executive Order 9066 do?
Ordered that all foreigners and Americans of Japanese, descent be confined in concentration camps for the purpose of national security
Why was the attack on Pearl Harbor significant?
It was a surprise attack that immediately caused the United States to enter the war and brought the isolationist movement to an abrupt end.
To assist Great Britain and their need for supplies, Roosevelt secured an agreement to give Great Britain a number of old U.S. warships in exchange for
The ability to build military bases on British island colonies in the Caribbean
In 1937, President Roosevelt announced that if a warring nation were to try and purchase military goods from the United States, they should expect to
Pay cash for the items, and find a way to carry it back to their nation.
In response to Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia, the United States passed the
Neutrality Acts
During the 1930s, China was weakened by civil war between __________ and _________
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-Shek
A radical form of totalitarian government in which a dictator uses propaganda to seize control of all aspects of national life is known as fascism.
True
What describes the challenges President Truman faced as he took office after Franklin D. Roosevelt’s death?
Waging a “cold war” against communism and helping to rebuild Europe
In 1945, the Soviet Union violated promises made at the Yalta Conference when they began to occupy
Eastern European nations.
What did Winston Churchill compare the boundary between Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe and Western Europe to?
An iron curtain
What was the name of the policy proposed by George F. Kennan to combat the growing Soviet threat after World War II?
Containment
The Truman Doctrine was announced in response to turmoil in
Greece and Turkey.
What was the name of the financial and technical assistance package provided to war-ravaged Europe after World War II?
The Marshall Plan
What nations controlled portions of a divided Germany after World War II?
The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union
What did Joseph Stalin do in Berlin to try to force the United States to leave?
He ordered a blockade of West Berlin
In 1949 the United States became part of the __________, the largest collective defense alliance in the world.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
In what way did the Chinese civil war prove significant for the cold war?
It resulted in the victory of Communists over Chinese Nationalists, although the United States would continue to recognize the Nationalist government as the official government
Who was placed in command of the UN forces in Korea during the Korean War?
Douglas MacArthur
In May 1947, charges that __________ was a “hotbed of communism” led to a Congressional investigation
Hollywood
Who was the U.S. senator who made reckless charges and groundless accusations of the extent of communist activity in America during the early 1950s?
Joseph McCarthy
What bill did President Truman veto because he said it would create government “thought control”?
McCarran Internal Security Act
Why did President Truman not seek a second term in 1952?
He felt he would not win since his approval rating was so low
What was Truman’s legacy as president.
He helped open the way for what Dwight D. Eisenhower would eventually call the military-industrial complex, in part through the creation of new government agencies.
T/F
The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was also known as the GI Bill of Rights.
True
T/F
Truman’s firing of General MacArthur in 1951 was one of the most popular actions of his presidency.
False
T/F
Former Soviet spy Whittaker Chambers accused Alger Hiss, who had worked for several U.S. government agencies, of supplying U.S. secret documents to the Soviets.
True
In 1949 the Supreme Court upheld the Smith Act of 1940 arguing that __________ overrode the right to free speech.
a clear and present danger to the United States
T/F
President Eisenhower was committed politically to “moderate Republicanism.”
True
T/F
The Federal-Aid Highway Act created a national network of interstate highways across America.
True
T/F
The postwar era witnessed tremendous economic depression.
False
In order to reassure some conservatives, the Republican Party chose the youthful and ambitious __________ as Eisenhower’s running mate in 1952.
Richard Nixon
What contributed to the state of the economy in the United States after World War II?
Massive construction of U.S. highways and airports
What contributed to the growth of suburbia in the 1950s?
The expansion of the middle class and need for housing close to cities
After World War II, __________ migrated to the urban North in record numbers.
African Americans
Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of women in the 1950s?
Although advertisements and popular culture emphasized middle class women’s role as homemakers, many women worked outside the home out of necessity.
A controversial new group of young artists, writers, and poets emerged in the 1950s that rejected traditional middle-class values and materialism. What were they known as?
Beats
In the case __________, the Supreme Court ruled the concept of “separate but equal” unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education
On December 1, 1955 __________, an African American seamstress, refused to relinquish her seat to a white man on a city bus.
Rosa Parks
In 1957, nine African American students attended Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas for the first time. Which of the following statements accurately describes the actions taken by Eisenhower?
Eisenhower reluctantly dispatched federal troops there to maintain law and order, angering many southern politicians.
First organized by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1957, the __________ grew into a powerful group that would lead civil rights protests and activities into the 1960s.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
In Indochina, the League for Independence of Vietnam was led by
Ho Chi Minh.
President Eisenhower used the __________ theory to explain why the United States needed to fight communism in Vietnam
falling domino
The first step in Egyptian General Gamal Abdel Nasser’s bid to become the leader of the Arab world was
seizing the Suez Canal.
T/F
According to the textbook, the United States experienced a wave of juvenile delinquency in the 1950s because of access to automobiles.
True
T/F
Martin Luther King, Jr. encouraged a tactic known as nonviolent civil disobedience to promote the civil rights movement.
True
T/F
In October 1957, the United States took the lead in the space race by launching the first satellite into orbit around the earth.
False
What was the line of thinking behind the creation of Dulles’s and Eisenhower’s strategy of mass retaliation?
The United States could not afford more military expenditures like those of the Korean War, so it would use the threat of nuclear warfare to combat the global threat of communism.
The name of President Kennedy’s domestic policy was the
New Frontier.
President Kennedy was the first __________ and the __________ man to be elected president in U.S. history.
Roman Catholic; youngest
According to the textbook, the most important development in domestic life during the sixties occurred in
civil rights.
President Kennedy was humiliated by a failed attack on Cuba by CIA-trained Cuban exiles at
the Bay of Pigs.
In 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered what appeared to be Soviet missile sites in
Cuba.
The civil rights movement gained momentum in 1960 when several young black men staged a “sit-in” at a __________ lunch counter.
Woolworth’s
Because of the tenacity of the Freedom Riders in the early 1960s,
the Interstate Commerce Commission ordered all interstate transportation integrated.
Who wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” while incarcerated for participating in a civil rights demonstration?
Martin Luther King Jr
To prevent racial integration from occurring at the University of Alabama, Governor ___________ blocked the door to the institution.
George Wallace
Despite being a southern Democrat, Lyndon Johnson was extremely committed to __________ legislation once he became president.
civil rights
As part of an elaborate domestic legislative agenda, President Lyndon Johnson declared an “unconditional war on _________ in America.”
poverty
President Lyndon Johnson’s plan to provide health insurance for the elderly is known as
Medicare.
T/F
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 gave new powers to the federal government to enforce civil rights.
True
T/F
Lyndon Johnson’s domestic program was called the “Great Society.”
True
The __________ gave President Johnson the authority to do whatever was necessary to prevent further aggression in Vietnam toward the United States.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The first sustained bombing of North Vietnam by the United States was called Operation
Rolling Thunder.
At the end of January 1968, Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces attacked American and South Vietnamese targets in a large, well-coordinated attack known as
the Tet Offensive.
What sparked race riots in more than 100 cities in 1968?
The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Who won the presidential election of 1968?
Richard Nixon
__________ dismissed both Republicans and Democrats as being too liberal when he ran as an American Independent in the 1968 presidential election.
George Wallace
