Exam 1 Review Flashcards
The period of massive economic growth in the United States in the late 19th century is known as the ________________ Revolution.
2nd industrial revolution
at the start of the civil war economically the US lagged behind the European nations of
Britain France Germany
some of the reasons for the massive rate of industrialization included
natural resources, labor supply, large markets
the number of patents issued in the 1890s exceeded
36 thousand
Samuel morse invented the ____ allowing for communication across long distance
Samuel morse invented the ____ allowing for communication across long distance
the first message sent by morse was between the cities of __ and ___
Washington and Baltimore
the man responsible for the invention of the telephone
Alexander grahm bell
bell wanted to use this as the greeting when answering the phone
ahoy
Edisons first job was working the news wire at __
Menlo park
thomas Edisons electric company was later renamed
Edison illuminating company
Henry bessemer invention made __ much cheaper to produce
steel
passed by congress in 1862 the ____ called for the building of a transcontinental railroad
pacific railroad act
Andrew Carnegie was master of the
steel industry
Carnegie proposed rich men had a responsibility to spend their money to benefit the greater good of the people
Gospel of wealth
when one company buys everything they need to produce, market and deliver the product it is known as ____
monopoly
allowed companies to side step laws and manage another persons money or company without owning outright
trustee
in an effort to prevent cooperations form obtaining market monopolies congress passed the
sherman antitrust act
the first trust was established by
Samuel todd
Rockefeller saw the commercial potential of linking Cleveland Ohio to the oil fields of
Pennsylvania
the 2 transcontinental railroads met at
promontory Utah
coined the gilded age
mark twain
the number of women employed outside the home rose from 15% in 1870 to __ in 1900
20%
the average work week in the late 19th century was ___ a week
60 hours
by 1900 the top 10% owned more than ___ of the nations wealth
3/4
the most prominent leader of the knights labor was
terence Powderly
the knights of labors decline began because of its perceived involvement in the
hay market riot
the American federation of labor differed from the knights of labor because it only permitted
skilled labor
the leader of the AFL was
Samuel Gompers
the homestead steel strike occurred when homestead steel plant owner ___ cut wages by 20%
Henry Frick
the pullman strike concluded with the arrest of ___ who would run as a socialist for president in future elections
Eugene debs
pres grover Cleveland was able to break up the pullman strike through a federal injunction on the grounds the strike obstructed the
ARU (American Railroad Union)
by 1900 __ of farmers in the south did not own the land on which they toiled
70%
the average annual income of white Southerners was ___ that of Americans outside the region
50%
the crop lien system was a system where
merchants provided goods on credit for a share of crops
a series of constitutional amendments designed to restrict black voting rights in the 1890s
Mississippi plan
the grandfather clause of 1898 originated in the state of
Louisiana
by 1900 black voting in the south fell by
62%
tax that had to be paid before a person could vote which impacted the poorest in society
poll tax
Please vs Ferguson established the legal precedent of
separate but equal
summing vs Richmond Co board of education sanctioned the segregation of the races in
Schools
booker t Washington was a former slave from the state of
Virginia
booker t Washington was president of the ___ of Alabama which became the model for industrial and agricultural schools
Tuskegee institute
booker t Washington argued African Americans should focus on ___ and not activism
hard work
argued that black response to racial prejudice was to fight for civil rights
web du bois
wrote “the souls of black folks” in 1903 which openly attacked Washington’s policy of accommodation
web du bois
manifest destiny was a catchword for a providentially or historically sanctioned right to
continental expansion
coined the term manifest destiny
John osullivan
the painting ___ by John cast romanticized the west
american progress
works on race in the mid 1800s included ___ which used head measurement to distinguish race
phenology
polygenism was a belief in 4 distinct
races
in 1897 congress created the ___ to establish small reservations for natives and offer ways to help civilize them
peace commission
US army officer __ and his troops were massacred at the battle of little big horn in 1876
George Custer
the nez perce Indians were led by
chief joseph
by 1890 many Sioux turned to ___as a means to escape their suffering
ghost dances
in 1890 the battle of __ resulted in the massacre of over 200 Indian men women and children by the us army
wounded knee
the Carlisle Indian school for natives was founded by _ in 1879
richard pratt
1887 attempt to to americanize natives by offering them 160 acres and citizenship if remain on the land for 25 years
Dawes severalty act
the 1890 census announced the end of the
frontier
over crowded and narrow low rise apartments were known as
tenements
by 1900 ___ of all Americans lived in cities with a population of over 8000
1/2
Jacob Riiis wrote this novel to highlight the terrible conditions of those living in tenement housing
how the other half lives
by 1900s __of residents in major cities were foreign born
15%
Northern and Western Europe immigrants were known as what?
old immigrants
Southern and Eastern European immigrants were known as what?
new immigrants
1867 required that construction had regulations and toilet requirements
tenement housing act
officially opened in 1892 as the official point of entry for immigrants from Europe
ellis island
social philosopher took Charles Darwin’s ideas on biological evolution and applied it to human society
herbert spencer
native born Americans who viewed the influx of immigrants into the US with concern
nativists
the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race
Chinese exclusion act
promoted political involvement among its members to enact change for their members
farmer alliance
1883 replaced the spoils system for federal jobs with job placement on the basis of competitive testing
Pendleton act
called for gov ensuring the best prices for crops, free coinage of silver, end to protective tariffs
Ocala demands
the panic of 1893 started when
the economy grew to fast
pres Cleveland made the panic worse by repealing what act
silver purchase act
1896 presidential election the democrats nominated __ after the gave his “cross of gold” speech
William jennings bryan
William mckinleys strategy for the 1896 election was unique because he focused solely on voters from ___ and __ areas
Industrial/ urban area
