Exam 3 Questions

Question 1

A decrease in which population of lymphocytes would impair all aspects of an immune response?

Answer 1

helper T cells

Question 2

Which of the following is occuring during systole?

Answer 2

blood pressure increases and mores tress is placed on arterial walls

Question 3

What would result in passive immunity?

Answer 3

transfer of antibodies in breast milk to the child

Question 4

all of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except:

A. an increase in arterial resistance

B. a decrease in arterial diameter

C. sympathetic stimulation

D. a decrease in cardiac output

Answer 4

D. a decrease in cardiac output

Question 5

Mucus functions in:

Answer 5

protection and lubrication

Question 6

the motor activity of the muscularis externa is controlled by the

Answer 6

myenteric plexus

Question 7

This blood sample came from some non-mammalian vertebrate animal.

A. True
B. False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is false concerning the capillaries?

Answer 8

increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration (materials leaving the capillary) will occur

Question 9

the advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that:

Answer 9

if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly can produce plasma cells that produce antibodies

Question 10

carnivores tend to have longer guts than herbivores because the food is more difficult to digest.

A. true

B. false

Answer 10

B. false

Question 11

rugae, plicae, and villi are all features that accomplish:

Answer 11

an increase in surface area

Question 12

in response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the blood levels of

Answer 12

secretin rise

Question 13

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are:

Answer 13

IgE

Question 14

a patient has elevated eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils, basophils, and lymphcytes. Which of the following could be causing those levels?

Answer 14

a chronic parasitic infections

Question 15

Meghan thinsk she has an abscessed tooth (a bacterial infection, not a chronic infection). If she does, what type of white blood cell would you expect to see in elevated numbers in a differential count? (hint: typically the most abundant WBC in a normal healthy individual)

Answer 15

neutrophils

Question 16

During the gastric phase, which hormone is responsible for causing the stomach to release pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid?

Answer 16

gastrin

Question 17

cytokines function by

Answer 17

acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells

Question 18

leslie had a sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This indicates:

Answer 18

the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes

Question 19

bile salts are important in the digestion of fats because

Answer 19

they help break fat droplets up into much smaller volumes

Question 20

Why does blood pressure decrease as the blood moves from arteries to arterioles to capillaries?

Answer 20

even though the vessels are smaller, the total volume over which the blood is distributed increases with distance away from the heart

Question 21

the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa secrete:

Answer 21

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 22

Acquired immunity is observed only in mammals.

True or false?

Answer 22

False

Question 23

A person without a gallbladder…

A. cannot secrete bile

B. cannot store bile

C. will have difficulty digesting a large, fat-rich meal

D. both B and C

E. all of the choices are correct

Answer 23

D. both B and C

Question 24

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) serves as a way for cells to

Answer 24

present possible antigens to immune cells in a way that identifies the presenting cell as “self”

Question 25

Antibodies are involved in the immune response in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A. they bind to antigens causing agglutination

B. they activate one part of the complement system

C. they make antigens more obvious to phagocytic cells

D. they promote inflammation

E. all of the above involve antibodies during an immune response

Answer 25

E. all of the above involve antibodies during an immune response

Question 26

_________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine

Answer 26

Peyer’s Patches

Question 27

Plasma is mostly:

Answer 27

water

Question 28

Neil accidentally ingests a substance that activates the complement cascade in the absence of bound antibodies. This substance would:

Answer 28

cause extensive cellular damage

Question 29

the hepatic portal system carries the nutrients absorbed from the GI tract directly to the liver, with the exception of:

Answer 29

fats

Question 30

When we compare humans and other closely related primates, we notice some interesting differences that may be an evolutionary result of using cooked food as a major source of our nutrition. What differences may be due to the use of cooked food?

Answer 30

• dental anatomy that reflects consumption of soft foods
• increased brain size that reflects increased energy yield from foods
• decreased size of digestive system that reflects the ability to obtain the same amount of nutrition/energy from a smaller amount of food

Question 31

the heme groups from old erythrocytes are stripped of their iron and eventually recycled into a substance that helps…

Answer 31

emulsify fats in the digestive tract

Question 32

smooth muscle cells lack which proteins?

Answer 32

troponin only

Question 33

most of the blood volume is located within:

Answer 33

the veins and venules

Question 34

To start proliferating, B cells usually need to be activated by both an antigen and the cytokine interleukin-2.

True or false?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

this type of T cell recognizes virally infected cells, binds to them, and releases perforins to destroy them before copies of the virus can be made:

Answer 35

cytotoxic T

Question 36

the primary organ where erythropoietin is produced is the:

Answer 36

kidney

Question 37

a blockage of the ducts from the parotid or sublingual glands would:

Answer 37

interfere with carbohydrate digestion

Question 38

which one of the following seems incorrectly paired in relation to the mucosa:

Answer 38

small intestine - stratified squameous

Question 39

What does CCK do?

Answer 39

• relaxes the sphincter of oddi (hepatopancreatic sphincter)
• stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion
• stimulates gallbladder contraction

Question 40

the is a significant site of absorption of water and electrolytes

Answer 40

large intestine