Exam 3 Questions

Question 1

Communication is about sharing and using information to influence actions and behaviors and to achieve desired outcomes

Answer 1

T

Question 2

The main aim of communication transfer is not the main aim of communication

Answer 2

F

Question 3

Workload is not a barrier to communication as people should be able to process and contribute information regardless of their workload

Answer 3

F

Question 4

Stress and fatigue are two common barriers to communication.

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Only senders can have errors in communication as it is their job to communicate effectively.

Answer 5

F

Question 6

Verbal communication is more prone to misinformation than written

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Email, SOP manuals, and paper are examples of _____ communication

Answer 7

written

Question 8

It is important to brief emergency situations before they happen.

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Aviation accidents are often preceded by safety-related incidents and deficiencies that indicate the existence of safety hazards.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Two people may interpret a phrase differently.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Read-backs are not required to improve effective communication.

Answer 11

F

Question 12

Communication is not a major driver of safety performance

Answer 12

F

Question 13

Listening is not the same as hearing.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Good listeners form conclusions before the speaker has finished.

Answer 14

F

Question 15

The best type of questioning for understanding is typically _____ questions that begin with what, who, where, when, why, and how

Answer 15

open

Question 16

Higher levels of stress are associated with more errors, lower compliance, and lower job satisfaction

Answer 16

T

Question 17

A challenge stressor is something that needs to be overcome and can cause decreased team motivation, while a hindrance stressor is one that promises some benefit if people can deal with it.

Answer 17

F

Question 18

Stressors affect individuals differently, depending on their appraisal of those stressors and their ability to deal with them

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Any amount of stress is harmful and is in no way beneficial

Answer 19

F

Question 20

Learning methods to manage and cope with stress is very difficult and time extensive

Answer 20

F

Question 21

The first process in stress management is stress identification; being aware of your own stress levels and symptoms

Answer 21

T

Question 22

If one member of a team is stressed, others are also likely to be compromised. A stressed team member is likely to make a series of judgment errors and is less likely to identify others’ error

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Stress often arises as a result of a perceived gap between the demands of a situation and an individual’s ability to cope with these demands. These demands of a situation is also known as _____

Answer 23

stressors

Question 24

Fatigue-related signs and symptoms are often divided into three categories: physical, mental/cognitive, and emotional/social

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Humans are reliable judges of their own fatigue levels

Answer 25

F

Question 26

_____ increases the time it takes to fall asleep and decreases the time spent asleep

Answer 26

Caffeine

Question 27

The circadian lull has a smaller decline in alertness and performance than the circadian trough

Answer 27

T

Question 28

You should wait 5 minutes after waking up to fight the potential impacts of sleep inertia

Answer 28

F

Question 29

Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol do not interfere with sleep onset

Answer 29

F

Question 30

Sleep onset is generally faster when body temperature is high

Answer 30

F

Question 31

There is a strong relationship between group compliance and individual compliance

Answer 31

T

Question 32

Mutual performance monitoring is a component of effective teamwork

Answer 32

T

Question 33

Adaptive teams recognize and respond to unexpected or unplanned changes in their environment

Answer 33

T

Question 34

Team orientation is where members work individually without accepting input from other members of the team

Answer 34

F

Question 35

Social activities help team members form bonds that encourage effective and open communication within a team

Answer 35

T

Question 36

Learning the roles of your team members is NOT an important part of effective teamwork

Answer 36

F

Question 37

The book defines leadership as a person directing or facilitating others towards a goal?

Answer 37

T

Question 38

Leadership is not important in the cockpit?

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Leadership is not important on multiple levels, only leadership in the cockpit is important?

Answer 39

F

Question 40

It is not important to have trust between leaders and subordinates?

Answer 40

F

Question 41

As a leader it is important to move toward delegating?

Answer 41

T

Question 42

A strategy to effective leading is providing feedback?

Answer 42

T

Question 43

A strategy to effective leading is being a dictator and not listening to others?

Answer 43

F

Question 44

Being an _______ follower is to be independent and critical, to work together with your leader and teammates to get the job done well

Answer 44

Exemplary

Question 45

Each step of the PACE acronym serves as a _______ signal to the captain that a response is required

Answer 45

non-threatening

Question 46

The term "workload" can refer to periods of intense activity and having a lot to do, even if it is not actively being done.

Answer 46

T

Question 47

Part 25 of the Federal Aviation Regulations covers workload considerations, including flight path control, collision avoidance, navigation, communications, and more

Answer 47

T

Question 48

Attentional resources refer to the capacity of an individual's attention, and mental workload is high when individuals approach the limits of these resources

Answer 48

T

Question 49

Working memory has a limited capacity and requires constant refreshing of information to prevent loss or interference

Answer 49

T

Question 50

Task difficulty and task complexity are the major determinants of mental workload.

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Complexity in a task is determined by the number of related variables that must be processed in parallel to complete the task.

Answer 51

T

Question 52

Competing tasks can significantly affect mental workload.

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Multitasking is easier when tasks come through different sensory channels and use different output modalities.

Answer 53

F

Question 54

When tasks compete for the same working memory systems, errors are likely to occur

Answer 54

F

Question 55

Combining complex tasks is generally difficult and often leads to participants ignoring one of the tasks

Answer 55

T

Question 56

TEM recognizes error as a normal and expected part of human behavior.

Answer 56

T

Question 57

Threats in TEM refer to external influences that can negatively impact flight safety

Answer 57

T

Question 58

Automation use problems refer to the voluntary activation or disengagement of automation by the operator

Answer 58

T

Question 59

Discontinuity is a slow and expected shift in the pace and perceived threat of work.

Answer 59

F

Question 60

Effective -__________ can manage threats, errors, and undesired states into inconsequential outcomes

Answer 60

countermeasures

Question 61

Threats require crew attention and ______ in TEM

Answer 61

management

Question 62

Attention is conceived as a focusing response to a stimulus or task that reflects a state of arousal or concentration.

Answer 62

T

Question 63

Distraction is defined as the act of distracting, drawing away or diverting, an action that divides attention

Answer 63

T

Question 64

Multiple stimuli or tasks that make simultaneous demands on an individual’s central processing mechanism will tend to interfere with each other.

Answer 64

T

Question 65

The ATSB investigates aircraft accidents and incidents in order to identify the factors that contributed to an occurrence

Answer 65

T

Question 66

Pilots are not very likely to be distracted

Answer 66

F

Question 67

Communication is never a reason that pilots become distracted

Answer 67

F

Question 68

_______ distraction caused by looking at the indicator light

Answer 68

visual

Question 69

__________ distraction caused by the sound of the chime

Answer 69

auditory

Question 70

Distraction-related outcomes occurred most often in the enroute phase of flight

Answer 70

T

Question 71

A high proportion of outcomes that occurred en route were associated with high capacity air transport operations.

Answer 71

T

Question 72

Incident means an occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.

Answer 72

T

Question 73

Collision with miscellaneous man-made features had the highest percentage out of actual outcomes attributed to pilot distractions

Answer 73

T

Question 74

Potential collision with other aircraft in controlled airspace had the highest percentage out of potential outcomes attributed to pilot distraction.

Answer 74

T

Question 75

A momentary distraction during a normal climb can jeopardise flight safety

Answer 75

T

Question 76

In private aviation, most distraction related outcomes occurred during the landing phase

Answer 76

T

Question 77

Unexpected medical conditions can have a debilitating effect on performance

Answer 77

T

Question 78

All of the distractions grouped under ‘performance concerns’ involved a cognitive distraction (i.e. being lost in thought)

Answer 78

T

Question 79

Personal issues represented a significant human factor contributing to emergency and abnormal situations during flight

Answer 79

T

Question 80

The theme __________involved situations in which the pilot’s vision was impaired.

Answer 80

poor visibility

Question 81

The theme ‘___________ referred to distractions where the pilot became preoccupied with thoughts about flight safety

Answer 81

safety concerns

Question 82

Air Traffic Control is the sole reason for distractions in aviation

Answer 82

F

Question 83

A single small animal on the runway can cause severe structural damage to even a small single engine airplane.

Answer 83

T

Question 84

During approach your only focus should be completing the approach as safe and stable as possible

Answer 84

T

Question 85

Checklists don’t need to be followed if you are familiar with the aircraft and know them by memory.

Answer 85

F

Question 86

When a flight attendant enters the cockpit, they must be made aware to only focus on the task they are in there for and to not distract the flight crew

Answer 86

T

Question 87

The primary source of distractions regarding system programming is associated with setting up the FMS

Answer 87

T

Question 88

Time pressures in aviation often lead to finishing checklists early and efficiently.

Answer 88

F

Question 89

Non-operational distractions had a significant contribution to accidents relating to pilot distraction

Answer 89

F

Question 90

The majority of distractions during taxiing/parking operations resulted in collisions with bushes, trees, or man-made features

Answer 90

T

Question 91

The taxonomy of the pilot distraction study follows the four-distraction model we use often within aviation research.

Answer 91

F