exam 3 psychology

Question 1

the things that identify as male and female

Answer 1

sex

Question 2

the things that identify themselves as man, woman, boy, or girl

Answer 2

gender

Question 3

where you have male and female body parts at birth

Answer 3

intersex

Question 4

the blending of masculine and feminine psychological characteristics

Answer 4

androgyny

Question 5

one sense can influence another
ex. smell of food influencing taste

Answer 5

sensory interaction

Question 6

our own individual sexual attractions

Answer 6

sexual orientation

Question 7

things that motivate a behavior

Answer 7

primary reinforcement

Question 8

a stimulus that becomes reinforced because its associated with the primary reinforcer

Answer 8

conditioned reinforcement

Question 9

learning that occurs until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Answer 9

latent learning

Question 10

learning by observing others

Answer 10

observational learning

Question 11

learned behavior that gradually reverts to biologically predisposed patterns

Answer 11

instinctive drift

Question 12

a predisposition to learn associations

Answer 12

preparedness

Question 13

reinforcing a response only part of the time

Answer 13

partial reinforcement

Question 14

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer

Answer 14

conditioned reinforcer

Question 15

a reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need

Answer 15

primary reinforcer

Question 16

stimulus response that is removed after a response

Answer 16

negative reinforcement

Question 17

a stimulus that strengthens the response

Answer 17

positive reinforcement

Question 18

any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Answer 18

reinforcement

Question 19

the guided behavior that goes toward closer and closer approximations of desired behavior

Answer 19

shaping

Question 20

behavior that operates on the environment, producing a consequence

Answer 20

operant behavior

Question 21

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Answer 21

respondent behavior

Question 22

a type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur by a punisher

Answer 22

operant conditioning

Question 23

the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that don’t signal an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 23

discrimination

Question 24

the tendency to respond similarly to different but similar stimuli

Answer 24

generalization

Question 25

how people learn through their interactions with the environment

Answer 25

behaviorism

Question 26

an unlearned naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 26

unconditioned response (UR)

Question 27

a stimulus that unconditionally triggers an unconditioned response

Answer 27

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 28

a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Answer 28

conditioned response (CR)

Question 29

an originally neutral stimulus that after association, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Answer 29

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 30

the process of acquiring through experience new and old information and behaviors

Answer 30

learning

Question 31

the significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Answer 31

interpretation

Question 32

the process of obtaining something

Answer 32

acquisition

Question 33

a decrease or disappearance of a response

Answer 33

extinction

Question 34

the reappearance after a pause of a weakened conditioned response

Answer 34

spontaneous recovery

Question 35

the difference between two stimuli required for detection

Answer 35

difference threshold

Question 36

the binocular cue for perceiving depth

Answer 36

retinal disparity

Question 37

the depth cue available to either eye alone

Answer 37

molecular cues

Question 37

the central focal point in the retina

Answer 37

fovea

Question 38

the point where optic nerves leave the eye, creating a blind spot

Answer 38

blind spots

Question 39

adapting to current schemas to incorporate new information

Answer 39

accommodation

Question 40

information processing where we construct perceptions of our experience and expectations

Answer 40

top-down processing

Question 40

the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus

Answer 40

absolute threshold

Question 41

info processing that begins with sensory receptors and works its way up to brain receptors of sensory information

Answer 41

bottom-up processing

Question 42

any event or situations that evokes a response

Answer 42

stimulus

Question 42

the way of learning that by observing events, watching others, or through language

Answer 42

cognitive learning