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Psychology > Exam 3 Psych > Flashcards

Exam 3 Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

process we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or
challenging

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2
Q

Eustress

A

good stress

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3
Q

Distress

A

bad stress

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4
Q

What did Hans Selye believe?

A

the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

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5
Q

What is Phase 1?

A

Alarm-sympathetic nervous system activated

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6
Q

What is Phase 2?

A

Resistance-the body copes with the stressor

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7
Q

What is Phase 3?

A

Exhaustion-body’s reserves get depleted.

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8
Q

What is Hans Seyles basic point?

A

although human body copes well with temporary stress, prolonged stress can damage it.

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9
Q

Health Psychology

A

subfield of psychology that provides psychology contributions to behavioral medicine

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10
Q

Psychoneuroimmunologists

A

study mind-body interactions, including stress’related physical illnesses, such as hypertension and stress-induced headaches

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of cells that are active in the search and destroy mission of the immune system?

A

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Macrophages, and Natural Killer Cells

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12
Q

B lymphocytes

A

mature in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

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13
Q

T lymphocytes

A

mature in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

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14
Q

macrophages

A

identify, pursue, and ingest harmful invaders and worn-out cells

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15
Q

Natural killer cells

A

pursue diseased cells such as those infected by viruses or cancer

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16
Q

What do stress and AIDS do?

A

reduce immune functioning and stress speed up disease progression

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17
Q

Stress and Cancer

A

studies are mixed with some indicated links between stress and increases risk

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18
Q

Personality Type B

A

easy going, relaxed people

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19
Q

Women and stress

A

likely to tend and befriend. might be related to oxytocin (stress moderating hormone)

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20
Q

Men and stress

A

likely to withdraw from society, turn to alcohol, and become aggressive

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21
Q

effects of pessimism and depression

A

more than twice likely to develop heart disease, chronic stress triggers persistent inflammation

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22
Q

Cortisol

A

hormone that plays a key role in stress response

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23
Q

Personality Type A

A

competitive, hard driving, impatient, can be verbally aggressive, and anger prone

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24
Q

Personality Type C

A

consistent, controlled, avoid conflict

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25
Q

Personality Type D

A

suppress negative emotions to avoid social disapproval

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26
Q

Catharsis

A

the idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

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27
Q

Problem focused coping

A

attempting to reduce stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

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28
Q

emotion focused coping

A

attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

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29
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

the hopelessness and passive resignation when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

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30
Q

Learned helplessness

A

uncontrollable bad events>perceived lack of control>helpless behavior

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31
Q

External locus of control

A

believe that chance or outside forces control their fate

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32
Q

Internal locus of control

A

believe they control their own destiny

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33
Q

Self Control

A

the ability to control impulses and delay short term gratification for greater long term rewards

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34
Q

Aerobic Exercise

A

sustained activity that increases HR and lung activity, may reduce depression/anxiety

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35
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

relaxing and silently attending to your inner state without judging it

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36
Q

The faith factor

A

religiously active people tend to live longer than those who are not religiously active

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37
Q

Positive Psychology

A

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

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38
Q

Three pillars of positive psych

A

Positive well-being, positive character, positive groups communities and culture.

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39
Q

Feel-god, do-good phenomenon

A

peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

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40
Q

Adaptation-level phenomenon

A

the tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.

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41
Q

Relative deprivation

A

the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. satisfaction may come when one feels better off than others

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42
Q

Social psychology

A

the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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43
Q

Attribution Theory

A

we can attribute behavior to a persons stable enduring traits or we can attribute it to the situation

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44
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate influence of situations

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45
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness

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46
Q

Central route persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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47
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

small requests open the door for larger requests

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48
Q

What experiment did Philip Zimbardo conduct?

A

the standford prison experiment, wanted to understand the power of the situation

49
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

if our actions are out of sync with our attitudes then we feel tension. either change our behavior or adjust attitude

50
Q

culture

A

the behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one gen to the next

51
Q

Norms

A

are rules for accepted and expected behaviors

52
Q

Conformity

A

is adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

53
Q

Normative Social influence

A

we are sensitive to social norms because the price we pay for being different can be severe. we want to belong

54
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

we conform because we want to be accurate. groups provide information

55
Q

what experiment falls with obedience

A

the milgram experiment

56
Q

Mere presence

A

means people are not competing, do not reward or punish, and in fact do nothing except be present as a passive audience.

57
Q

Social Facilitation

A

the strengthening of dominant response in the presence of other

58
Q

Evaluation Apprehension

A

influenced by the presence of others

59
Q

Social Loafing

A

the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable

60
Q

Deindividuation

A

loss of self awareness and self restraint when in a group

61
Q

Group polarization

A

enhanced prevailing inclinations

62
Q

Groupthink

A

harmony overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives

63
Q

Altruism

A

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

64
Q

Prejudice

A

unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group, often a different cultural, ethnic, or gender group

65
Q

Roots of prejudice

A

Social: in group bias
Beliefs: stereotypes
Emotional: fear
Cognitive: categorizing

66
Q

Aggression

A

any behavior intended to harm someone, whether done out of hostility or calculated means to an end

67
Q

Bystander effect

A

notices incident, emergent, responsibility, attempts to help.

68
Q

Proximity

A

familiarity breeds fondness

69
Q

Passionate love

A

arousal

70
Q

companionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment

71
Q

Consummate Love

A

intimacy, passion, and commitment

72
Q

Personality

A

an individuals characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

73
Q

Unconscious

A

unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

74
Q

Free Association

A

a method of exploring the unconscious in which relaxed and says whatever comes to mind

75
Q

Id

A

unconscious energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives: operates on pleasure principle

76
Q

Ego

A

the largely unconscious “executive” part of personality that operates on the reality principle (balance)

77
Q

Superego

A

focuses on ideal behavior; strives for perfections

78
Q

Stage Oral

A

0-18 months; pleasure centers on the mouth;sucking, biting, chewing

79
Q

Stage Anal

A

18-36 months; focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

80
Q

Stage Phallic

A

3-6 years; the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings

81
Q

Stage Latency

A

6-puberty; a phase of dormant sexual feelings

82
Q

Stage Genital

A

puberty on; maturation of sexual interests

83
Q

Regression

A

retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated (reverts to thumb sucking first day of school)

84
Q

Reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

85
Q

Projection

A

disguising ones own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

86
Q

Rationalization

A

offering justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for ones actions

87
Q

Displacement

A

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

88
Q

Denial

A

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

89
Q

Maslow

A

self actualizing person by studying healthy, creative people rather than troubled ones.

90
Q

Self actualization

A

highest level of psychological development, where personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled

91
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanistic Theories, Person centered perspective

92
Q

Growth promoting environment requires three conditions

A

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

93
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

94
Q

Self concept

A

al our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, answers Who Am I?

95
Q

Trait Theory

A

define personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior traits

96
Q

Trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by a self-report inventories and peer reports

97
Q

Introversion

A

seeks less stimulation, recharge, quiet, think before speaking. Avoids: center of attention

98
Q

Extraversion

A

Seeks greater stimulation, energize around people, large social network. Enjoys: center of attention

99
Q

Big Five: C

A

Conscientiousness

100
Q

Big Five: A

A

Agreeableness

101
Q

Big Five: N

A

Neuroticism

102
Q

Big Five: O

A

Openness

103
Q

Big Five: E

A

Extraversion

104
Q

Openness

A

imagination, feelings, actions, ideas

105
Q

Conscientiousness

A

competence, self discipline, thoughtfulness, goal driven

106
Q

Extroversion

A

sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression

107
Q

Agreeableness

A

cooperative, trustworthy, good natured

108
Q

Neuroticism

A

tendency toward unstable emotions

109
Q

Maturity Principle

A

After 40 we become more agreeable and conscientious

110
Q

How heritable

A

40%

111
Q

Do traits reflect differing brain structure

A

high conscientious = larger frontal lobe

112
Q

Have these traits changed over time

A

individualistic culture = increased extraversion and conscientiousness

113
Q

Albert Bandura

A

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

114
Q

Self

A

assumed to be the center of
personality, the organizer of our
thoughts, feelings, and actions

115
Q

Self esteem

A

ones feelings of high or low self worth

115
Q

Spotlight effect

A

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

116
Q

self efficacy

A

ones sense of competence and effectiveness

117
Q

Self serving bias

A

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

118
Q

Narcissism

A

excessive self love and self absorption

Psychology (7 decks)

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