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Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Erikson’s Stage Infancy

A

birth to 18 months; Trust vs. Mistrust; is my world safe? develop sense of trust when provided needs.

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2
Q

Erikson’s Stage Early Childhood

A

2 - 3; Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt; Can I do things myself? develop sense of control.

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3
Q

Erikson’s Stage Preschool

A

3 - 5; Initiative vs. Guilt; Am I good or bad? asserting control and power of the environment.

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4
Q

Erikson’s Stage School Age

A

6 - 11; Industry vs. Inferiority; How can I be good? cope with new social and academic demands.

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5
Q

Erikson’s Stage Adolescence

A

12 - 18; Identity vs. Role confusion; Who am I and where am I going? develop sense of self and personal identity.

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6
Q

Erikson’s Stage Young Adult

A

19 - 40; Intimacy vs. Isolation; Am I loved and wanted? form intimate, loving relationships with other people.

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7
Q

Erikson’s Stage Middle Adulthood

A

40 - 65; Generatively vs. Stagnation; Will I provide something of real value? work and parenthood, usefulness or useless.

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8
Q

Erikson’s Stage Maturity

A

65 - death; Reflection on life; Have I lived a full life? look back on life and feel sense of fulfillment.

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9
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

looks at the mind’s structure, uses reported experiences, problem: not reliable

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10
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

evolved functions of thoughts and feelings, nose/smell, brain/thinks why, emotions memory, will power, habits

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11
Q

Darwin

A

survival/adaptation

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12
Q

What is Operational definition?

A

Important because it is how you define or measure hunger, anger, low self-esteem, etc.

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13
Q

What is informed consent?

A

providing participants information so they can make informed decisions about whether or not to participate.

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14
Q

What do Behaviorists believe?

A

psychology is the scientific study of observable behavior

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15
Q

What is Nature vs. Nurture

A

Nature: influence of biology genetics
Nurture: environmental interactions

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16
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

a testable prediction

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17
Q

What is a theory?

A

is an explanation that organizes observations and predicts behavior and stress.

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18
Q

What are quantitative research designs?

A

random samples, experimental groups, control groups, variables.

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19
Q

What are qualitative research designs?

A

case studies, phenomenology, narrative inquiry, naturalist observation, surveys.

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20
Q

Biological behavior

A

neuroscience (brain), genetics, influences

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21
Q

Social behavior

A

what we see, thoughts, sense of self and needs

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22
Q

Cell Body

A

big cell on the left of the neuron

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23
Q

What do the Dendrites do?

A

receive signals

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24
Q

What does the Terminal Branch do?

A

sends signals

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25
Q

What is Action potential?

A

electrical signals that travel down the axon

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26
Q

What is Myelin Sheath?

A

fatty tissue that protects the axon

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27
Q

Neurotransmitter (NT)

A

chemical messenger

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28
Q

What does the agonist do?

A

increases NT’s action

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29
Q

What does the antagonist do?

A

blocks or decreases the NT’s action

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30
Q

What is reuptake?

A

reabsorption of NT by sending neuron

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31
Q

Medulla

A

heartbeat and breathing

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32
Q

Reticular Formation

A

arousal

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33
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory control center

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34
Q

Pons

A

coordination and sleep

35
Q

What is Blindsight?

A

when a person is not visually aware of things, but they can grasp and navigate. Problem with perception but not action

36
Q

What is Change Blindness?

A

occurs when a stimulus undergoes change without being noticed

37
Q

What is inattentional blindness?

A

when one fails to notice a readily visible yet unexpected stimuli

38
Q

How many sleep stages are there and how long does it take to go through?

A

4; cycled every 90 minutes

39
Q

What is Sleep Stage NREM 1?

A

Hallucinations

40
Q

What is Sleep Stage NREM 2?

A

(after 20 mins) easy to wake

41
Q

What is Sleep Stage NREM 3?

A

Deep sleep (hard to wake)

42
Q

What is Sleep Stage REM?

A

Rapid Eye Movement, similar to NREM 1, elevated heart rate

43
Q

What is Insomnia?

A

problems falling asleep or staying asleep

44
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

sudden and uncontrollable sleep

45
Q

What is Sleep Apnea?

A

momentary lapses in breathing

46
Q

Explain Vygotskys Zone of Proximal Development.

A

outer layer: what I cant do.
middle layer: what I can do with help
inner layer: what I can do

47
Q

Assimilation

A

is putting new ideas or concepts into understanding and practice while aligning them with older ideas and practice.

48
Q

Accommodation

A

is changing older ideas and concepts into new and completely different concepts and ideas because of experiencing new information.

49
Q

Describe Parenting Style; Authoritarian.

A

high control, power assertive

50
Q

Describe Parenting Style; authoritative

A

some structure, willing to talk through with kids

51
Q

Describe Parenting Style; Permissive

A

low on control more friends with kid

52
Q

Describe Parenting Style; Rejecting/Neglect

A

uninvolved in life

53
Q

Describe Attachment Style; Secure

A

healthy relationships, able to seek support

54
Q

Describe Attachment Style; Ambivalent

A

distress when left, struggle to trust, reassurance

55
Q

Describe Attachment Style; Avoidance

A

abuse, independent, minimize the feelings of others

56
Q

Describe Attachment Style; Disorganized

A

feeling unworthy, tendency towards aggression

57
Q

Two Attachment styles that will have trouble if together?

A

Ambivalent and Avoidance

58
Q

Transduction

A

receive information, transform information (neural impulses) and deliver information (to the brain).

59
Q

Sensation

A

our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.

60
Q

Perception

A

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

61
Q

Top-down processing

A

using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information.

62
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

taking sensory information and then assembling and integrating it.

63
Q

Priming

A

What fits the pattern, what you read, hear.

64
Q

What are Gottmans Four Horsemen

A

Criticism
Contempt
Defensivness
Stonewalling

65
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

test that measures electrical activity in the brain using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp

66
Q

MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imagining)

A

Imaging test that produces detailed images of almost every internal structure in the human body, including the organs, bones, muscles and blood

67
Q

fMRI Functional MRI

A

measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

68
Q

PET Scan

A

the metabolic or biochemical function of your tissues and organs

69
Q

CT Scan

A

a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X- rays and computer technology to produce images of the inside of the body

70
Q

Embodied Cognition

A

the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments

71
Q

Rods

A

Black and white

72
Q

Rods

A

Black and white

73
Q

Cones

A

fine detail and color sensations

74
Q

Binocular vision

A

images from two eyes simultaneously

75
Q

Monocular vision

A

images from one eye only at a time

76
Q

Feature Detectors

A

nerve cells that respond to specific features like shapes, angles, and movement

77
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

caused by damage to cochleas receptor cells

78
Q

Conduction hearing loss

A

caused by damage to mechanical system

79
Q

Cochlear Implant

A

converts sounds into electrical signals

80
Q

Sex

A

Biologically influenced females and males

81
Q

Gender

A

socially influenced men and women

82
Q

gender role

A

societal expectations for appropriate female and male behavior

83
Q

Gender Identity

A

How we perceive ourselves as either male or female

84
Q

Transgender

A

gender identity is distinct from sexual orientation not the same

Psychology (5 decks)

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