Exam 3 Practice Questions Flashcards
Antecedent control procedures are said to be___ because they are based on information gathered through functional assessment, and involve altering the environmental variables that control a behavior
functional
Paul wants to increase the amount of time he studies, but is having trouble because he usually ends up playing video games instead. Paul has his roommate hide the game so that if he wants to play instead of study, he will have to look for it. This is an example of
increasing response effort for competing behaviors
Tony wants to decrease his behavior of smoking, so he gets rid of all the cigarettes in his house. Tony also gets rid of his ashtrays because they serve as a cute for him to smoke. Which antecedent control strategy for decreasing a problem behavior is this?
Removing a discriminative stimulus/cues
Pam wants to replace eating junk food with the alternative behavior of eating fruit. Pam makes sure that she always has fruit in her house. so that when she wants something to eat it is easy for her to have fruit. In addition, Pam buys fresh fruit because it does not require any preparation before eating. Which antecedent control strategy is Pam using?
Decreasing response effort
Paul’s parents frequently give him money whenever he asks. When his parents offer to pay him to help out the family business, Paul is not interested. Paul’s parents stop giving him money whenever he asks in order to make it more reinforcing to receive money for working. What antecedent control strategy are Paul’s parents using?
creating an establishing operation
Which are functional approaches to decrease problem behaviors
extinction
antecedent manipulation
differential reinforcement
(NOT punishmet)
What is manipulated in antecedent control procedures
establishing operations
response effort
discriminative stimulus
(NOT reinforcers)
A behavior that requires____ response effort is more likely to occur than a behavior that requires ___ response effort
Less;more
Julie wants to replace drinking coffee with the alternative behavior of drinking water. Julie keeps a filled water bottle on her desk at work and has her co-workers remind her to drink more water. Julie is using the antecedent control strategy of ____ for desirable alternative behaviors
Presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues
Presenting the SD, decreasing response effort, and presenting an establishing operations are ways to
make a behavior more likely
Andrea wants to start eating a healthier diet, but she is having problems because she likes to eat junk food while studying. Andrea starts eating regular meals so that she is never hungry and less likely to want junk food. Eating regular meals in order to make junk food less desirable is an example of
presenting an abolishing operation for competing behaviors
When Eric is home, he spends most of his time on the Internet instead of studying. Eric disconnects his internet access at home so that he has to go to the campus computer cluster in order to get on the internet. Which antecedent control strategy involves making it more difficult to engage in the problem behavior?
increasing response effort
When would you consider the use of antecedent control strategies
after you have conducted a functional assessment of the behaviors to be modified
A desirable behavior can be strengthed through the use of antecedent control procedures by ___ for the desirable behavior
creating establishing operations
Presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues for a behavior make the behavior___ likely to occur, and removing the discriminative stimulus and cues for the behavior make the behavior ___ likely to occur
more;less
Nicole wants to increase the amount of exercise that she gets. Nicole purchased a treadmill so that she will not have to drive all the way across town to exercise at the health club. Having a treadmill in her home so that she exercises more often is an example of
Decreasing response effort
Removing the SD , arranging abolishing operations, and increasing response effort are ways to
make a behavior less likely
The manipulation of antecedent stimuli to increase the probability of desirable behaviors and decrease the probability of competing behavior is referred to as
antecedent control procedures
In order to decrease disruptive behavior, the teacher gives a student frequent attention so that receiving attention by engaging in disruptive behavior is less reinforcing. Which antecedent control strategy is being used?
presenting an abolishing operation
When Matt goes to bed at night he is unable to fall asleep because he usually takes a nap in the evening. Mat stops taking naps so that he is able to get more sleep at night. Which antecedent control strategy is Matt using to increase his desired behavior of getting more sleep at night?
arranging establishing operations
The application of aversive activities includes
guided compliance
contingent exercise
overcorrection
(NOT response cost)
When a behavior occurs and is followed by a consequence that results in a decrease in the behavior it is referred to as
punishment
In ___ procedures, a reinforcer is removed following the occurrence of the behavior and the behavior decreases in the future
negative punishment
In ___ procedures, a punisher is applied following the occurrence of the behavior and the behavior decreases in the future
positive punishment
punishment procedures should be used in conjuction with
reinforcement procedures(?)
When Timmy hits his little brother while they are playing video games, his Mom removes him from the game and he has to sit in a chair by himself for five minutes. As a result, Timmy is less likely to his his brother in the future. Which punishment procedure is involved in this example?
time out
Negative punishment procedures involve the ___ following the occurrence of a problem behavior
removal of a reinforcing stimulus
In contingent exercise, what must the learner do following the problem behavior
engage in an effortful behavior that is not related to the problem behavior
When a behavior occurs and is followed by the removal of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the likelihood that the behavior will occur in the future, it is referred to as
negative punishment
In guided compliance, what must the learner do following the problem behavior
comply with the task that was requested prior to the problem behavior
In behavioral modification, ____ procedures the least likely to be used to decrease problem behaviors
positive punishment
What is true concerning the time-out period
the time-out period should be brief, and the period is extended if the problem behavior is occurring at the end of the time out
When Kevin starts hitting his brother, his Dad takes Kevin’s arms and holds them immobile so that Kevin cannot continue to his brother. Which punishment procedure is Kevin’s Dad using?
physical restraint
Bobby’s Mom asks him to clean up his room, but he complains that he is too tired and continues to lie on his bed reading comic books. Bobby’s mom them physically guides him through the activity of picking up his clothes until Bobby does it himself. Which punishment procedure is Bobby’s Mom using?
guided compliance
In restitutional overcorrection, what must the learner do following the problem behavior?
correct the environment damaged by the behavior
Punishment procedures are typing used ___ functional nonaversive procedures have been used unsuccessfully
after
The punishment procedure___ involves the application of aversive activity related to the problem behavior
overcorrection
The procedure of ___ involves aversive activity unrelated to the problem behavior
contingent exercise
What is a form of overcorrection
restitution
One form of positive punishment procedure involves the application of ___ contingent on the occurence of the problem behavior
aversive activities
What is NOT true concerning the use of response cost in a token economy
it should always be implemented at the beginning of the program
what IS true concering the use of response cost in a toke economy
clients should be aware of the number of tokens loss for undesirable behavior
it involves the loss of tokens for engaging in undesirable behavior
How are back up reinforcers obtained in a token economy
they are delivered immediately following appropriate behavior
a response cost component might be implemented in a token economy if
the change agent can get the tokens back
What is NOT ALWAYS used in a token economy
implementing response cost
Joe repetitively taps his pencil on his desk before a test in order to relieve tension. Which type of habit behavior is Joe engaging in
nervous habit
In addition to habit reveral which procedures have been found to be effective in decreasing habit behaviors
DRO
response cost
response blocking
What does the social support person do as a part of the habit reversal procedure
remind the person to use her competing response when the habit behavior is occurring
A tic disorder that is characterized by multiple tics, both motor and vocal, is referred to as
Tourette’s disorders
A researcher is trying to identify items that could be used as tokens to improve the academic performance of hyperactive students. What item would be good to use as tokens in a token economy
pennies
(NOT snacks or toys)
A wide variety of back-up reinforcers is best to use in a token economy because
they will make satiation less likely to occur and it is more likely that there will be something that is reinforcing for everybody in the program
A teacher wants to increase the academic performance of the students in her class. The children receive stickers each time they complete an academic trial, and when they have accumulated a certain number of stickers they can exchange them for 15 minutes of playing computer games. This program that uses conditioned reinforcers to strengtehn a desirable behavior is referred to as
token economy
A researcher plans to implement a token economy with a group of juvenile offenders in a treatment program. What is the first step in planning a token economy
identifying and defining the target behavior
When the habit behavior involves stuttering, the competing response
provides an alternative behavior to replace stuttering
What would be the best choice for a competing response for a vocal tic
slow, rhythmic breathing through the nose while keeping the mouth closed
What components are likely responsible for the success of habit reversal procedures in decreasing habit behaviros
awareness training, competing response training
Fading the use of tokens in a token economy
increases the chance that the behavior change will generalize from the token economy to the natural environment
Which of the following is NOT true concerning habit reversal procedures?
they are used for behaviors that generally do not interfere with social functioning
The tokens that are selected for use in a token economy must be
convenient to dispense
A habit behavior becomes a habit disorder when
the behavior is distressing to the individual and it occurs excessively
a token becomes a conditioned reinforcer because it is paried with
backup reinforcers
Wendy is seeing a psychologist for an anxiety problem and learns to assume relaxed postures in all parts of the body. Which relaxation training procedure is being used?
Behavioral relaxation training
When cognitive behavior is involved, who identifies and records the occurrence of the behavior
the individual engaging in the behavior
Which cognitive behavior modification procedure helps a person identify distressing thoughts and to get rid of the distressing thoughts
Cognitive restructuring
When Bill is driving faster than the speed limit, he covertly tells himself to slow down or he will get a ticket. He then slows down. Bill’s cognitive behavior of telling himself to slow down is functioning as a
discriminative stimulus
The advantage of systematic desensitization
it is easier and more convenient than contact desensitization
A psychologist is working Tony to help him control his anger when he disagrees with his boss. The psychologist teaches Tony specific self-statements that he can use in the situation, so that Tony is less likely to get angry and argue with his boss and more likely to walk away. Which cognitive behavior modification procedure is being used?
Cognitive coping skills training
The key is systematic desensitization is to
maintain relaxation while imagining the fear-producing stimulus
The procedure of systematic desensitization is complete when
relaxation is maintained while imagining each scene from the hierarachy
Behavioral relaxation training involves
assuming relaxed postures with all parts of the body supported in a recliner of comfortable chair
Which of the following is NOT true concerning in vivo desensitization
it does not require a lot of time to implement
What is true of vivo desensitization
relaxation training is not always used
generalization is likely
the individual makes actual contact with the feared stimulus
Which cognitive behavior modification procedure helps a person talk to himself to make desirable behavior more likely to occur
self-instructional training
Whenever Amy sees a dog, she experiences unpleasant bodily responses( rapid heart beat, upset stomach) and engages in escape behavior(runs way). In behavior modification, Amy’s operant and respondent behavior is referred to as
fear
Diaphragmatic breathing involves
deep, rhythmic breathing
Relaxation training procedures are used to
decrease autonomic arousal
Paul shares his toys with other children and covertly tells himself “Good job! You’re a good person!” These statements make it more likely that he will share his toys/ In this example, Paul’s cognitive behavior is functioning as a
reinforcing consequence
John experiences anxiety whenever he is in a crowded room, and he leaves the crowded room to decrease anxiety. John’s behavior of leaving the crowded room to decrease his autonomic nervous system arousal is
negatively reinforced
the respondent behavior in fear and anxiety problems involes____ and the operant behavior involves _____
autonomic nervous system arousal; escape or avoidance behavior
All of the following procedures are used to reduce fear and anxiety problems except
punishment
Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her fear of flying. The therapist has Barb practice relaxation while imagining progressively greater anxiety situations involved in flying.
systematic desensitization
Which are some attention-focusing procedures
guided imagery
meditation
hypnosis
(NOT diaphragmatic breathing)
