Exam 2 Practice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is not a strategy used in identifying a potential reinforcer
selecting a stimulus that you think is reinforcing for most people
How do the procedures of whole-interval DRO and spaced-responding DRL differ?
DRO reinforces the absence of behavior and DRL reinforces decreased rate of behavior
When using a DRA procedure, the alternative behavior must
be functionally equivalent to the problem behavior
The intial time interval that is selected for the DRO procedure should be
based on the baseline rate of the behavior
When you are most interested in decreasing the overall rate of behavior, you should use ___ DRL, but if the timing of the behavior is most important, you should use___DRL
full session; spaced-responding
How can a reinforcer for an individual be identified?`
ask the individual, observe the individual, test potential reinforces
What is the result if the problem behavior occurs during the DRO interval?
the interval is reset
At what point during the implementation of DRO is the time interval increased
when the reinforcer is being delivered after most intervals
Mary’s parents are trying to decrease the number of times that she feeds the dog during the day. Her parents set a criterion level for the maximum number of times that she can feed the dog in a day, and if she achieves this level she gets a story read to her at bedtime. Which type of differential reinforcement is this?
DRL
Tommy’s parents tell him that they will answer a question only if it has been at least 10 minutes since he asked his last. If Tommy asks a question before the 10-minute interval is up, his parents do not reinforce the behavior with an answer to his question. Which DRL variation is this.
spaced-responding DRL
A parent is trying to decrease a child’s swearing behavior. For every hour that the child goes without swearing, the parent reinforces the absence of swearing by reading to the child. If the child swears, the parent does not give the child attention and the child has to wait another hour for a story. Which differential reinforcement is this?
DRO
DRA involves using ___ for desirable behaviors and ___ for undesirable behaviors
reinforcement, extinction
Matthew frequently screams when he wants attention from his Mom. In order to decrease Matthew’s screaming behavior, his mom does not pay attention to him when he screams. When Matthew quietly asks for attention, his behavior is reinforced with attention from his mom. Type of differential reinforcement?
DRA
In order for differential reinforcement to be most effective, the desirable behavior should be reinforced
immediately
Which type of differential reinforcement is most likely to lead to an increase in alternative behaviors?
DRA
Nicole’s parents are trying to decrease the number of phone calls that she makes in a day. If Nicole makes fewer than 5 calls in a day, she is allowed to have a friend over the next day. In which DRL variation is the reinforcer delivered if the number of responses that occur in a time period is less than a specified level?
full-session DRL
Bobby’s Mom is trying to increase the number of times that Bobby shares his toys with his younger brother. Where Bobby shares his toys, his Mom praises Bobby and plays with him, but when Bobby refuses to share his toys, his Mom does not praise him or play with him. As a result, Bobby increases the number of times he shares with his younger brother. This is
DRA
When a desirable behavior results in escape or avoidance of an aversive stimulus, it is referred to as differential
negative reinforcement
In order to implement DRO successfully, you need to
deliver the reinforcer for the absence of the problem behavior
An extinction procedure should always be used in conjuction with
a reinforcement procedure
Which of the following is recorded when using direct observation methods to conduct a functional assessment
behaviors, consequences, antecedents
Which of the following is necessary in order to determine the effects of extinction
a baseline assessment
You identify the reinforcer to withhold in an extinction procedure by first conducting a
functional assessment
A parent is trying to decrease the frequency of a child’s swearing behavior. The parent observes the child and writes down a description of the behavior, antecedents, and consequences each time the child swears. What method of ABC observation?
Descriptive
When a problem behavior is reinforced by attention, this is an example of
social positive reinforcement
A problem behavior will be less resistant to extinction when it is reinfoced on a ___ schedule prior to extinction
continous
The increase in the problem behavior at first when extinction is used is
extinction burst
A teacher determines that Mark frequently fights with other children because his friends praise him when he fights. The teacher would like to use extinction on his behavior, but she has no control over how Mark’s friends react fo fighting. Which consideration in the use of extinction is being addressed?
ability to eliminate reinforcer
The use of experimental methods in conducting a functional assessment involves the manipulation of
consequences and antecedents
What could be asked in an indirect functional assessment method to obtain information about the antecedents of the behavior
when does the behavior occur and what events precede the behavior
if a child engages in a problem behavior in a store, the parent gives the child candy, and child is more likely to engage in problem behavior. This is
social positive reinforcement
The continued change in the problem behavior following the use of extinction
Maintenance
When a child diagnosed on the autism spectrum engages in repetitive tapping of his pencil and the behavior is strengthened by the sound of the pencil hitting the table, this is
automatic positive reinforcement
Extinction of a behavior will be more rapid when the behavior had been reinforced on a
continous reinforcement schedule
what are consideration for the use of extinction
can you eliminate the reinforcer for the behavior
can you tolerate an extinction burst
can consistency be maintained
(NOT can you present the reinforcer for the behavior)
A parent decribes to a child what she should say if a stranger asks the child to get into his car. What behavioral skills training component is this
Instructions
Behavioral skills training procedures are used
to teach new behaviors
BST procedures are NOT used to
decrease a problem behavior
Feedback as a ___ following rehearsal of the correct behavior, and as a ___ when feedback is provided as instruction to improve performance on the next rehearsal
reinforcer; antecedent
What factors increase the effectiveness of modeling
reinforcement of model’s behavior and opportunity for imitation after observing the model
Which behavioral skills training component functions as the behavioral aspect of a three-term contingency
rehearsal
Rehearsing the behavior is an important part of behavioral skills training because it
demonstrates whether the learned has learned the behavior
provides the chance for reinforcement
provides opportunity to correct errors
Which components of the behavioral skills training procedures is an antecedent strategy
intructions and modeling
Generalization from training sessions to natural situations is more likely to occur if
training situations are similar to natural situation
What procedures are used to enhance generalization following BST
using realistic role plays in training
using real life simulations
using assignments for the learner to practice skills outside the training sessions
What are true concering the component of modeling
the learner must have an imitative repertoire and it may be live or symbolic
What is not true concerning feedback
corrective feedback should be given first, then praise something only if you can
When you provide a reinforcer after each response in backward and forward chaining the outcome of that response becomes a
conditioned reinforcer
a complext behavior made up of a number of component behaviors occuring in a sequence is
behavioral chain
Every time Mary uses her DVR to record a television show, she verbally recites each step that she must go through in order to program the DVR. This is
self instruction
The individual component behaviors that occur in a behavioral chain are called
stimulus response components
A researcher is going to use a behavioral chaining procedure to teach an individual with developmental disabilities to stuff brochures. The researcher first goes through the process, identifying all the individual stimulus response components in the chain. This is
task analysis
In which chaining procedure is the behavioral chain completed in every trail by the learner from beginning to end
total task presentation
Andrew’s Mom is going to use a chaining procedure to teach Andrew all the steps to feed a puppy. If his Mom teaches him the last behavior in the chain first, and then teachers him each previous behavior, it’s
backward chaining
When prompting and fading are systematically applied to each component in the stimulus response chain in order to teach the entire behavior it is a
chaining procdeudre
What is true concering a behavioral chain
each subsequent response depends on the preceding response and the entire response chain is under stimulus control
(NOT each subsequent behavior is independent of the preceding response)
Forward and backward chaining both involve
teaching one compponent of the behavioral chain at a time
prompt and fading
use of reinforcers after responses in the chain
What are guidelines for using chaining
choose an appropriate chaining procedure
develop a task analysis
(NOT use intermittent reinforcement when training is started)
Each step in the behavioral chain consists of a
discriminative stimulus and a response
What is necessary when conducting a task analysis
identify all the responses necessary to perform the task
identify the discriminative stimulus associated with each behavior
list the individual component behaviors in the proper sequence
In order for the behavioral chain to continue to occur, the last behavior in the chain must be
reinforced
