exam 3 ppt 6

Question 1

definition of allele

Answer 1

one of several forms of a gene

Question 2

definition of genotype

Answer 2

the particular combo of alleles present in a given organism

Question 3

definition of phenotype

Answer 3

the expression of a trait in an individual

Question 4

how many alleles does a diploid organism have of every gene?

Answer 4

a diploid organism always has 2 alleles of every gene

Question 5

what are the alleles like in a homozygous genotype?

Answer 5

both alleles for a given trait are the same (ex: TT or tt)

Question 6

definition of evolution

Answer 6

a change in characteristics of a population over time- species are related to one another and can change through time

Question 7

definition of population

Answer 7

individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

Question 8

definition of natural selection

Answer 8

one way evolution occurs; individuals with beneficial traits are more reproductively successful

Question 9

2 types of variation

Answer 9

environmental, genetic

Question 10

which type of variation is more important for evolution?

Answer 10

genetic

Question 11

is mutation adaptive?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what causes genetic variation?

Answer 12

mutations (during cell division), recombination/independent assortment/crossing over

Question 13

does evolution occur with phenotypes produced by the environment?

Answer 13

no, only genetic differences

Question 14

definition of population genetics

Answer 14

the study of genetic variation in natural populations; changes in genotype and allele frequency over time

Question 15

sections of mutation variation

Answer 15

somatic, germ-line (during cell division)

Question 16

sections of recombination variation

Answer 16

(in meiosis I); deleterious (harmful), neutral (silent), advantageous -> adaptation

Question 17

what does natural selection govern?

Answer 17

itgoverns that variants best suited for growth and reproduction contribute more to future generations

Question 18

allele frequency=

Answer 18

of copies of an allele / total # of alleles in the population

Question 19

genotype frequency=

Answer 19

of individuals with a genotype / total # of individuals in the population

Question 20

definition of gene pool

Answer 20

sum of all alleles in a population

Question 21

what is the limit for allele frequency?

Answer 21

can only be between 0-1

Question 22

when is a population fixed for an allele?

Answer 22

when a population exhibits only one allele, it is fixed for that allele

Question 23

how do we measure allele frequencies?

Answer 23

phenotype (observable traits), DNA sequencing

Question 24

do individuals evolve?

Answer 24

no- populations evolve, not individuals

Question 25

definition of evolution

Answer 25

a change in genetic makeup of a population over time (change in allele or genotype frequency)

Question 26

are any changes in genetic makeup- allele or genotype frequencies- evolution?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

hardy-weinberg equilibrium basic equation

Answer 27

p + q = 1

Question 28

in HWE, p =

Answer 28

dominant allele

Question 29

in HWE, q =

Answer 29

recessive allele

Question 30

HWE uses the same principles as punnett squares to predict genotype frequencies at the ______ level

Answer 30

population

Question 31

HWE extended equation

Answer 31

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1