Exam 3 - Poultry By-Products and Waste Flashcards
what is a by-product?
an incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture or synthesis of something else
over _______ the bird is edible product
half
AAFCO
association of American feed control officials
what is AAFCO
a nonprofit organization that makes regulations that tells us how to manage by-products and establish ingredient definitions and lab standards and label standards
what is a nonprofit organization that makes regulations that tells us how to manage by-products and establish ingredient definitions and lab standards and label standards?
AAFCO
what is offal?
intestines
what are the 3 main options for poultry waste?
- composting
- grinding
- incineration
what are the three grinding options?
- lactic acid/yeast fermentation
- acid/base treatment
- refrigeration
what is the goal of lactic acid/yeast fermentation, acid/base treatment, and refrigeration during grinding?
to control pathogens
what is commonly used in an acid/base treatment?
formic acid
what is a pro of defatted poultry by-product meal?
it has a more stable shelf life because there is less fat
what is poultry by-product meal?
ground, rendered, clean parts of carcass of slaughtered poultry (necks, heads, feed, underdeveloped eggs, gizzards, intestines)
steps of production
- collected and stabilized (fermentation)
- cooked, typical dry rendering
- stored or distributed
what is the goal fat content?
10-12%
why is more than 12% fat bad?
it is more likely to get rancid and spoil
uses of poultry by-product meal
proteins, fats, and minerals
poultry by-product meal can replace _____ with little complications
SBM (soybean meal)
T/F: poultry by-product meal is an excellent source of protein in both monogastrics and ruminants
true!
examples of poultry by-products
- meat and bone meal
- feather meal
- blood meal
how does blood meal have an imbalanced amino acid content?
typically high in lysine, but it is low in sulfur containing amino acids
what can you do with on-farm loss?
- compost
- rendered
T/F: poultry litter is common low cost fertilizer
true
what do you need to know before using fertilizer?
- soil needs
- litter nutrient composition
- plant utilization
for plants to utilize the fertilizer the nitrogen must be in _________ form
inorganic
litter must go through _____________ to go from organic to inorganic state
mineralization
what are the three major factors that affect plant utilization?
- temperature
- carbon to nitrogen ratio
- moisture content of the soil
what is the difference between laying soil on top of the soil vs incorporating the fertilizer into the soil?
it has a difference in the first year but doesn’t after some time
