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Anatomy > Exam 3: pelvis & perineum > Flashcards

Exam 3: pelvis & perineum Flashcards

0
Q

contents of pelvis major

A 
lumbar nerve plexus
sympathetic trunk
lower ilium
cecum
appendix
sigmoid colon
upper rectum
common iliac vessels
ureter
psoas major/minor mm
iliacus mm
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1
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A
  • located in pelvis minor
  • closes floor of inferior bony pelvis
  • supports pelvic viscera
  • consists of:
    • levator ani
      • iliococcygeus
      • pubococcygeus (medial fibers attach to rectum, vagina, prostate)
        • puborectalis
        • pubovaginalis
        • levator prostate
  • coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)
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2
Q

contents of pelvis minor

A 
urinary bladder
reproductive organs
rectum, anus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
sacral sympathetic trunk
external, internal iliac vessels
obturator internus
piriformis
pelvic diaphragm
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3
Q

5 functions of pelvic diaphragm

A
  1. support viscera
  2. sphincteric control
  3. sexual function
  4. stabilize
  5. helps pump lymphatic system
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4
Q

pelvic diaphragm innervation

A

coccygeus: S4,5
iliococcygeus: nerve to pelvic diaphragm S3,4
pubococcygeus: nerve to pelvic diaphragm S3,4

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5
Q

sacral plexus

A

lumbosacral trunk: ventral rami L4,5 of lumbar plexus

ventral rami S1-4

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6
Q

6 nerves from lumbar plexus that enter pelvic region

A

*iliohypogastric N not in pelvis

  1. ilioinguinal: L1
  2. genitofemoral N: L1,3
  3. lateral femoral cutaneous N: L2,3
  4. femoral N: L2,3,4
  5. obturator N: L2,3,4
  6. lumbosacral trunk: L4,5
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7
Q

8 nerves from sacral plexus that enter pelvic region

A
  1. sciatic N: L4,5 S1,2,3
  2. superior gluteal N: L4,5 S1
  3. inferior gluteal N: L5,S1,2
  4. Nerve to quadratus femoris: L4,5 S1
  5. Nerve to obturator internus: L5 S1,2
  6. pudendal N: S2,3,4
    • S = ext genitalia
    • M = muscles of perineum, ext anal sphincter
  7. N to piriformis:S1,2
  8. N to pelvic diaphragm: S3,4 (levator ani, coccygeus)
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8
Q

autonomic nerves to pelvic viscera

A

sympathetic: via lumbar & sacral splanchnic nerves
parasympathetic: via pelvic splanchnic nerves

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9
Q

pelvic urinary structures

A
  • distal part of ureter
  • urinary bladder:
    • females: inf & ant to uterus, ant to vagina
    • males: superior to prostate, ant to seminal vesicles, ampulla of vas deferens and rectum
  • urethra
    • females: passes through UG diaphragm to vestibule of vagina
    • males: passes through prostate (prostatic urethra) then UG diaphragm (membranous urethra) before entering penis (spongy urethra)
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10
Q

structures of male reproductive system that lie in pelvic cavity

A

vas deferens
seminal vesicles
prostate gland

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11
Q

testis and epididymis

A

Develop in abdomen, descend into scrotum

  • scrotum: outer skin, inner fascia and dartos mm (smooth mm) –> contracts skin
  • cremaster mm: elevates testis toward pelvis to maintain testicular temp
  • seminiferous tubules: sperm development
  • epididymis: outer surface of testis
    • head,body, tail –> vas deferens
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12
Q

continual of abdominal layers to scrotum

A
  1. external oblique aponeurosis: external spermatic fascia
  2. internal oblique aponeurosis: cremaster mm
  3. transverse abdom: nothing
  4. transversalis fascia: internal spermatic fascia
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13
Q

3 cylinders of erectile tissue

A 
ventral (1): corpus spongiosum
  *bulb of penis (prox part of corpus spongiosum)
  *glans (distal part)
dorsal (2): corpus cavernosum
 *crus of penis (@ pubic ramus)
 *deep A
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14
Q

female reproductive system

A

1.clitoris

within pelvic cavity: post to urinary bladder, ant to rectum

  1. vagina
  2. uterus
  3. uterine tubes
  4. ovaries
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15
Q

ovaries

A
  • lateral to uterus, inferior to fibriae of uterine tubes
  • ovarian lig: connects each ovary to uterus
  • suspensory lig:
  • connects each ovary to pelvic brim
  • ovarian vessels, lymphatics, nerves

referred pain: LB, inguinal region and thigh
*ovarian cysts, uterine fibroid, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, uterovaginal prolapse

16
Q

perineum boundaries

A

ant: pubic symphysis
post: tip of coccyx
lateral: pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous lig
sup: pelvic diaphragm

  • line connecting ischial tuberosity
    • urogenital triangle (anteriorly)
    • anal triangle (posteriorly)
17
Q

median part of anal triangle (perineum)

A
  1. anal canal/opening
    * terminal part of large intestine: extends from rectum–>anus
    * internal anal sphincter: smooth mm, pelvic parasympath N
    * external anal sphincter: skeletal mm, inf rectal N from pudendal N
  2. perineal body: small fibrous mass
    * females: between anus, vagina
    * males: between anus, bulb of penis
    * muscle attachments:
    • superficial/deep transversus perinei
    • bulbospongiosus
    • external anal sphincter

3.anococcygeal lig

18
Q

ischioanal fossa of anal triangle

A

borders:

  • medial: anal canal, sphincters, anus
  • laterally by: obturator internus mm & fascia
    • pudendal canal: pudendal N, internal pudendal A & V
    • pudendal N –> inf rectal N –>ext anal sphincter, skin around anus
  • anterior: urogenital triangle
  • posterior: sacrotuberous triangle
19
Q

urogenital triangle spaces

A

superficial & deep perineal space divided by perineal membrane

20
Q

superficial perineal space of UG triangle

A

ischiocavernosus mm
bulbospongiosus mm
superficial transversus perineal mm

21
Q

deep perineal space of UG diaphragm

A

sphincter & compressor urethrae mm
deep transversus perineal mm (ischial rami to perineal body)
urethra passes through UG diaphragm

22
Q

urogenital nerves

A
  1. perineal N:
    * branches to superficial and deep mms of UG triangle
    * post scrotal or labial N in superficial space
    • cutaneous to post scrotum or labia majora
  2. dorsal N of penis or clitoris
    * enters deep perineal space
    * innervates dorsum and glans of penis or clitoris

**perineal N and dorsal N are divisions of pudendal N

23
Q

male anal triangle and superficial space of UG triangle

A
  1. ischiocavernosus mm
  2. bulbospongiosus mm
  3. superficial transversus perineal mm
  4. anococcygeal lig
  5. perineal body
24
Q

female anal triangle and superficial space of UG triangle

A
  1. ischiocavernosus mm
  2. bulbospongiosus mm
  3. superficial transversus perineal mm
  4. anococcygeal lig
  5. external anal sphincter
  6. anus
25
Q

male anal triangle and deep space of UG triangle

A
  1. perineal body
  2. external anal sphincter
  3. deep transverse perineal mm
  4. sphincter urethrae mm

Anatomy (10 decks)

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