Exam 3 Peds Review Flashcards
what is iron deficiency anemia?
anemia caused by inadequate supply or loss of iron
what is the biggest cause of iron deficiency anemia ?
excessive milk intake and poor iron intake
what type of food do we add to help with the absorption of iron supplements?
orange juice
they need an acid environment
what interferes with iron metabolism ?
calcium
so no dairy products
what are the 2 things to watch out and warn patients about iron supplements?
poop will be dark and tarry
liquid stain teeth - so use straws
what is sickle cell anemia ?
hemoglobin S
what is the biggest manifestation of sickle cell anemia?
painful swelling hands and feet
how do we treat sickle cell anemia ?
treat with heat
what’s the most important thing to remember about b-thalseemia?
bone deformities , caused by severe anemia
what is hemophilia?
bleeding disorder missing a clotting factor
what does hemarthosis mean?
bleeding into joint spaces knee, ankle, and elbow leading to impaired mobility
how do you treat hemophilia if they have a cut?
apply pressure and use ice to constrict
what is von willebrand disease?
missing the von willebrand protein
what two medications do you want to avoid with bleeding disorders like von willebrand and hemophilia ?
aspirin and nsaids
what is the longest you can give blood?
if the patient has a reaction to blood transfusion what are you going to do?
how long can you leave blood outside?
4 hours
stop the infusion
30mins
what is an increased intracranial pressure ?
pressure that may acculmaylate within the enclosure of the brain
what are the 3 things we measure in a Glasgow scale ?
eyes
verbal
movement
what does decorticate
what does decerebrate
mean?
flexion
extension
really bad
if we have to do a lumbar puncture, what’s the most important thing to know about this ?
knee to chest position
what’s the treatment of Increased intracranial pressure?
osmotic diuretic
mannitol
what is an epidural hematoma
what is a subdural hematoma?
epirdual
dura and skull
subdural
furs and arachnoid membranes
what is shaken baby syndrome
what is the 2 clinical manifestation to remember of this ?
shake the baby really hard
retinal distachment
blue/pale skin
what is a brudzinksi neck sign
what is kerning skin
for bacterial mengigniits
you left the patient neck up and then they felt their knees up
kerning is when you lit the leg to extend but they can’t s they just flex
what’s the biggest manifestion to remember about rabies?
hydrophobia
where do we NOT give the rabies vaccine?
glutes
what is a febrile seizure ?
like main thing to know ?
very young kids because of a rapid temperature
what is hydrocephalus ?
condition caused by an imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF
what is the main treatment to help with hydrocephalous ?
VP shunt
what is hyperglycemia side effects ?
remember the anagram
FIB-PPP
feeling tired
irritability
blurred vision
polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
what is the hypoglycemia side effects
remember the anagram
fib-dish-ps
feeling tired
irriability
blurred vision
dizzines
increased hunger
shakiness
headache
paleness
sweatiness
what is an A1c?
past 3 month of where you blood sugar averaged
after a patient is having a hypoglycemia reaction and you give them candy, what do you follow up with ?
carbohydrate
what are you 3 rapid insulin names
and when can you give it ?
Novolog
humalog
apidra
10-15mins
what are your 3 long acting insulin drugs
and you can’t give it with ?
Lantus
levemir
basalgar
dont mix with another insulin
what’s the only insulin that can be given iv?
regular
what’s the main things to know about DKA?
fruity breath
kussmal breathing
very low ph - acid
what is kussmula breathing?
fast shallow breathing
deep labored breathing
what is pituitary hyperfunciton?
also known as acromegaly?
too much growth hormone
biggest thing to note about acromegaly ?
prominent chin and jaw
what is precocious puberty mean ?
early sexual development
what’s the treatment for precocious puberty?
when do we stop this medication
leuprolide acetate
appropriate age for puberty
what is diabetes insidious ?
too little ADH
what is SIADH?
too much ADH
what is hypothyroid ?
what is hyperthyroid ?
too little thyroid being produced
too much thyroid being produced
what is Hashimoto diesease
what is graves disease?
severe too little thyrpid
severe too much thyroid
what is the treatment for hypothyroid ? medication
synthroid, levothyroxine
what is the treatment for hyperthyroid ?
PTU
what is thryotoxcisis?
what is the treatment ? (2)
too much thyroid at once
propanol ( beta block )
antithyroid
what is hypoparathyroid ?
treatment?
when you have too little PTH
calcium rich diet !! because remember parathyroid helps calcium
what is addison disease?
chronic adrenocortisol infussificney
what is the biggest thing to note about addison disease?
bronze skin
what is Cushing syndrome ?
too much cortisol
biggest cushion syndrome symptom?
moon face
what is hyperadlosteroidm?
main clinical manifestation to remember ?
treatment?
too much aldosterone
hypokalemia
give potassium
