Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

349 Peds Exam 4 > exam 2 peds review > Flashcards

exam 2 peds review Flashcards

1
Q

What does peristalsis mean?

A

wavelike movement that helps squeeze food along the entire length of the alimentary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what’s the main site of absorption?

A

large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some medications a child could be on that is causing them diarrhea?

A

antibiotics
laxative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

its important to note that acute diarrhea is self limited within what time frame?

A

14 days, 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the therapeutic management we will do to these children with diarrhea?

A

fluid & electrolyte balance
rehydration
reintroduction of an adequate diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the best “medicine” to give to kids to help with vomit and diarrhea when it comes to oral rehydration therapy?

A

pedialyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a newborn first poop?
and when should it come out ?

A

meconium
24-36hours of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is meconium plug?
how can we help?

what is meconium ileus?
how can we help?
this is the first sign of ^

A

obstruction near the butt
irrigation with water

obstruction inside the intestine
- surgical removal

first sign of cystic fibrisos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are two medications we can do to help with constipatoin?

A

miralax and enemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

obviously the recommendation to help with constipation is fiber, how much per day is recommended?

A

age in years + 5g of fiber per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are medications and position we will give children with vomit?

A

zofran & oral rehydration therapy
up right position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Hirschsprung disease
( congenital aganglonic megacolon )?

A

congenital issue where obstruction occurs due to the lack of ganglion cells in an area of the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the biggest clinical manifestation of HD ?

A

ribbon like foul stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the treatment for HD?

A

surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is GERD?

A

inappropriate transient relaxation of LES

remember how LES relaxes to let food pass and then contracts to close up , but during GERD it doesn’t contract and food content goes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of foods will a child avoid with GERD?

A

caffeine
citrus
alcohol
peppermints
spicy foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how should a child be feed with Gerd

how should a child be given food?

A

upright positioning
small and frequent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what medications is given to help with Gerd?

A

pepcids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what might be a surgery we will do to help with GERD when it gives severe?

A

fundoplication

( we wrap a bit of the stomach around the esophagus )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is irritable bowel syndrome?

A

often alternating diarrhea and constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the difference between
acute appendicitis and ruptured appendix?

A

acute appendicitis is the inflammation of vermiform appendix

ruptured is the opening of the appendix perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does peritonitis mean?

A

inflammation that spreads rapidly throughout the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the biggest clinical manifestation of appendicitis?

A

mcburney point
rebound tenderness
cramping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where is the mcburney point?

A

2/3 away from the umbilicus in the right lower quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do we know that the patient has a rupture appendix?
sudden relief of pain after perforation
26
what Is the treatment of appendicitis?
appendectomy
27
what is the difference between ulcerative colitis and crohns disease?
UC - rectum and colon crohn - inflammation in any point of the GI tract
28
what type of mediations do we give to uc and crohn?
corticosteroids - like prednisone
29
since the biggest complication with CD is growth failure, what do you think we should give them for a diet to help with nutrients and growth?
high protein and calorie
30
for Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), where are ulcers mainly found?
duodenum of the intestine
31
what is the main cause of pud?
h.pylori
32
what are some common clinical manifestation of PUD? what type of vomit what type of poop
hematemesis melena
33
how do we treat PUD?
treated infection with antibiotics antacids help with gastric acid
34
what is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
pyloric sphincter becomes thick and results in the narrowing/elongation of the canal - leading to obstruction
35
what is the 2 biggest clinical manifestation of pyloric sphincter?
projective vomit Oliver shape body
36
what is the management of pyloric sphincter?
pyloromyotomy
37
what is instussuception ? what is volvulus ? what is malrotation?
I - the intensinte telescopes inside itself V - complete wrapping around another organ M - rotations the wrong way
38
what is the biggest manifestation of INTUSSUSEPCITON?
palpable sausage shape
39
how do we treat intussupceiton?
with this barium to look inside, ends up unfolding itself
40
what is celiac disease?
autoimmune disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten
41
what is the biggest manifestation of celiac disease?
steatorrhea ( fat frothy foul bulk stool )
42
what is the treatment of celiac disease?
no gluten
43
what is short bowl syndrome how do we treat it?
very small intestine, lacks absorption frequent TPN
44
HEP a vs HEP B caused by treated by
fecal to oral fluids vaccines
45
manifestation of HEP A manifestation of hep B
fever, anorexia, vomit rash, pruritus, arthralgia
46
what is biliary arestia? treatment?
block in the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder ursodeoxycholic acid & surgery
47
what is esophageal atresia and trachoesophageal fistula?
disconnection between the esophagus, trachea and into the stomach
48
biggest manifestation of esophageal atresia?
frothy saliva drooling!!
49
what is acute nasopharngitits?
common cold
50
what is the treatment of acute nasopharngitis?
decongestants
51
what is acute streptococcal pharyngitis?
GABGS infection ( strep thorat )
52
what is the treatment of strep throat?
oral penicillin amoxicillin for 10 days
53
what is tonsillitis ?
inflammation of the tonsils
54
if we do surgery for tonsillitis, what is the thing we must look out for ?
frequent swallowing because it could indicate internal bleeding
55
what is infectious mononucleosis? or kissing disease
the Epstein Barr virus
56
what is the biggest thing to know about mono? treatment?
enlarged spleen - so avoid contact sports support care because it is a virus
57
what is influenza?
virus
58
what its the treatment of influenza?
tamiflu and relenza
59
when should we give tamiflu and relenza? like what is the time frame?
48 hours of onset of symptoms
60
why should children not receive aspirin when they have a viral infection ?
reye syndrome
61
what is otitis media?
fluid in the middle ear along with acute signs of illness and sy,ptpms of middle ear inflammation
62
what is the primary patho behind otitis media?
the dysfunction of the Eustachian tube
63
what is the treatment of otitis media?
amoxicillin - augmentin
64
pneumococcal vaccine helps reduce the rate of om? TRUE OR FALSE
true
65
what is otitis external? also known as?
swimmer ear infections of the external ear canal;
66
what is croup syndrome ?
resonant cough described as barking or brassy
67
what is acute epiglottis?
a medical emergency in which where we can see the eplogittis in the child throat
68
nurses who suspect epiglottis should not attempt to what?
look with a tongue depressor or take a culture
69
if a child is better sitting in a tripod position, why should the nurse encourage this behavior for epiglottis?
because its an emergency, we can have a compete respiratory distress if we move him
70
what should be at the bedside of epiglottis ?
tracheostomy kit
71
how do we prevent epiglottis?
HIB vaccine
72
wha tis acute laryngotracheobroncitis?
common type of croup you see in children when they go to bed and they sound like bark cough
73
treamtne of LTB?
cold night air stand in front of an open freezer
74
what is bacteria tracheitis?
infection of the mucosa and soft issue of the upper trachea
75
how do we treat bacteria tracheitis ?
antibiotics, steroids and antipyretics
76
what is bronchitis?
inflammation of the large airways, trachea and bronchi
77
what is bronchiolitis ?
acute viral infection that is caused by RSV
78
there is one thing that can 100% cure RSV, what is it?
palivizumab
79
what is pneumonia?
inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma
80
how do we prevent pneumonia ?
PCV vaccine
81
what is pertussis caused by? main clinical manifestation how do we prevention how do we treat
bordetalla pertussis whooping cough DTAP antibiotics
82
what is tb?
tb bacteria gets into the lungs
83
what is the TB vaccine name?
BCG Vaccine
84
how do we know a positive tb skin test ? when should you come back to assess the skin test?
10-15mm 48 Hours
85
what is latent vs active tb?
no symptoms and no contangous symptoms and contagious
86
what is the best immunology testing for tb?
quantiferon and t-spot
87
what is the 4 medication for TB?
INH ethambutol rifampin pyrandixe
88
what asthma characteristic ? what is it doing?(2) what do we treat first and then what?
wheezing, musical whimsical sound bronchoconstricrion & inflammation albuterol and then steroids
89
a common manifestion of kids who become hypoxia is what?
restlessness
90
epiglottis is the ____voice
hot potato voice
91
what is the function of veins what is the function of arteries?
bring deoxygenated blood give oxygenated blood to body
92
what are the two things that should close when fetal circulation ?
formen ovale PDA
93
PDA, helps connect ____ and ?
descending aorta to he main pulmonary artery
94
what are the 2 cyanotic heart disease?
decreased pulmonary flow increased pulmonary flow
95
what are the 2 decrerased pulmonary flow for cyanotic heart disease
tetralogy of fallot tricuspid atresia
96
what are the 2 acyanotic heart disease?
left to right shunt obstructive defects
97
what are the 4 left to right shunt for acyanotic heart disease?
atrial septal defect ventricular septal defect atrioventicrular canal defect pda
98
what are the 4 obstructive acyanotic defect?
coarctation of the aorta aortic stenosis valvular aortic stenosis pulmonic stenosis
99
what is the description and patho of tetralogy of fallot (4)
1. ventricular septal defect 2. pulmonary stenos 3. displaced aorta 4. ventricular hypertrophy
100
what is the x-ray for tetralogy of fallot?
boot shaped heart
101
why do we see a boot shaped heart in tetra of fallot?
because of the intensive right ventricular hypertrophy
102
what is the 3 main clinical manifestation of tetralogy of fallot?
tet spells blue spells hypoxia murmor
103
what position is best to help with tet spells? means turning more blue
knee to chest position
104
what defect is most common in children with Down syndrome ?
AV canal
105
what is infective endocarditis ?
an infection of the inner lining of the heart, endocardium and involving the valves
106
rheumatic fever mainly effects the ?
mitral valve
107
what is Kawasaki disease? main thing to know about it
strawberry tongue
108
how do we treat heart failure ? what two medications
diuretics and digoxin
109
diuretics furosemide spironlocation ( potassium sparing )
110
what medication we will use to help reduce the after load of the heart for heart failure ?
ACE inhibits - vasodilators
111
dont give digoxin when the patient has what
bradycardia visual disturbances like halo signs
112
average dioxin dosing for infants?
1ML (50mcg, 0.05 mg )
113
what is the antidote for digoxin?
digoxin immune fab fragment
114
digoxin causes what type of potassium?
hypokalemia !
115
cyanotic is right to left shunting acyanotic is left tor right shunting explain it
cyanotic -no oxygen whatsoever acyanotic - oxygen come up, then oxygen leave, overall circulation
116
acyanotic left to right shunt is famous for causing ?
pulmonary congestion heart failure
117
what is nephrotic syndrome? 4 big manifestations
proteinuria hypoalbuminemia hyperlipidemia edema
118
how does the urine look like in nephrotic syndrome ?
darkly opalescent and frothy
119
what is the diet for nephrotic syndrome ?
no salt
120
what medications do we give to nephrotic syndrome ?
steroids diuretics and immunoesuppreants
121
what is the principle of acute kidney injury?
oligoanuria
122
AKI has what type of potassium?
hyperkalemia
123
urinary tract infection - mainly in girls - use cotton underwear - encourage using the bathroom to avoid holing the urine
124
what is acute glomerulonephritis ?
post strep infection that went untreated
125
what is the clinical manifestation of APSGN?
face edema, especially in the eye
126
how does the urine look like in APSGN?
cola colored urine

349 Peds Exam 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions