Exam 3 - Part 2 Flashcards
effect of thiobarbiturates in greyhounds
delayed recovery due to decreased liver metabolism
what occurs in greyhounds in procedures > 2 hours
hyperkalemia
why do greyhounds, wolfhounds, other sighthounds get delayed post-op hemorrhage? what drug can you give to prevent this?
bleeding disorder due to mutant DEPOH gene
occurs hours-day
hyperfibrinolysis - give ant-fibrinolytic drugs
collies, shelties, aussie shepherds, whippets MDR1 mutation causes what? which drugs are commonly associated?
nonfunctional P glycoprotein in BBB = excess CNS exposure
acepromazine and butorphanol
what does the MDR1 mutation in cats cause
neurotoxicity with eprinomectin
what does acepromazine in boxers cause
collapse, increased vagal response (low HR and BP)
what causes SIRS
bacterial toxin translocation and GIT rupture
what are common GI complications induced by drugs or surgery in a dog and in a cat
dog - GDV
cat - megacolon
treatment for drug induced emesis
anti-emetic (maropitant)
sequelae of gastroesophageal reflux
esophagitis = esophageal stricture = aspiration pneumonia
treatment for gastroesophageal reflux
GI protectant - antiacids (omeprazole)
lavage esophagus with bicarb, sucralfate and antiacids
esophageal ballooning if stricture
treatment for ileus and GI stasis (constipation)
quick return to eating (small meals)
physical activity
drug reversal
recovery time
prevention/treatment for aspiration pneumonia
ET tube seal
gauze
prokinetic agents (cisapride, metoclopramide)
abx
monitor and manage O2 & resp activity
IPPV if needed
treatment of diarrhea and gas distension
time to recover
perianal purse string
abx
fluids/electrolytes
prevention/treatment of GI ischemia
maintain BP, blood volume/PCV
careful with vasopressors
if translocation of bacteria consider abx
what drugs NOT to use for pre-emptive analgesia
acepromazine
benzodiazepine
MOA of grapiprant (galliprant)
inhibits prostaglandin EP4 receptor
only for dogs > 9lbs with osteoarthritis
can you combine galliprant and NSAIDs
NO
what is a “bier block”
regional IV anesthesia - IV lidocaine + tourniquet for distal extremities or digital procedures
options for chronic pain management
NSAIDs, steroids
gabapentin or amantadine
maropitant
exercise or emotional support
muscle relaxant drug option for MSK involvement (contraction)
methocarbamol
what local anesthetic is good for tissue infiltration
nocita
when is it a good idea to use a ring block
distal extremities
what is a bier block
lidocaine using catheter and tourniquet, good for more proximal limb procedures
recommended dental blocks in dogs
mental foramen
infraorbital foramen
maxillary block
mandibular block
recommended dental blocks in cats
mental foramen
infraorbital foramen
mandibular block
recommended dental blocks in horses
mental foramen
infraorbital foramen
maxillary block
mandibular block
recommended eye blocks
retrobulbar or peribulbar to target the optic n
ring block around the eye
when are epidurals a good idea
usual location?
location in horses?
hindlimb or abdominal procedures
usually between L7 & S1
between Co1 & Co2
