Exam 3: Oxygenation

Question 1

What is the end goal of respiratory treatments?

Answer 1

The end goal is is perfusion of the organs and tissue throughout the body.

Question 2

What is the anatomy of the Upper Respiratory Tract?

Answer 2

The upper respiratory tract includes the;
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx. and epiglottis.

Question 3

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 3

The upper respiratory tract is responsible for warming, filtering, and humidifying inspired air which sticks better to the lungs.

Question 4

What is the anatomy of the Lower Respiratory Tract?

Answer 4

The lower respiratory tract includes the;
Trachea, right and left stem bronchi, segmental bronchi, and terminial bronchioles.

Question 5

What is the function of the Lower Respiratory Tract?

Answer 5

The Lower Respiratory tract involves the conduction of air and purification of air, mucociliary clearance, and production of pulmonary surfacant.

Question 6

Describe the process of gas exchange and where it occurs.

Answer 6

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs and occurs through a process called diffusion.
Through this diffusion the primary function is the diffusion of CO2 from the blood and into the alveoli, which result in the exhalation of CO2.
While O2 is diffused into the blood and traveresed to other organs.

Question 7

Is O2 considered a medication and if so can you overdose on O2?

Answer 7

Yes, O2 is considered a medication and you can overdose a patient on oxygen!

Question 8

What are saftey precautions/education on O2?

Answer 8

O2 is;
Highly Flammable- So NO SMOKING!
All electrical equipment must be frequently checked.
As well as all protable O2 tanks must be checked regularly.

Question 9

List the three types of oxygenation devices.

Answer 9

Oxygentation devices include;
1) Nasal Cannula
2) Face Masks (i.e. Simple face mask, partial rebreather, norebreather, Venturi)
3) Nebulizer (for inhaled medication.

Question 10

What is the range and FIO2 for low dose nasal cannula systems?

Answer 10

2-6 L/min with an FIO2 of 24%.

Question 11

What is the range for high dose nasal cannula systems?

Answer 11

6-10 L/min

Question 12

What are disadvantages to a Nasal Cannula?

Answer 12

Nasal cannulas are often noted for bleeding from the nose due to the dryness it creates, Pressure ulcers of the nares/Septum/ears, and skin burn if used with petroleum jelly.

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of a simple mask?

Answer 13

Simple masks require a good and tight seal on the face which often can hinder a pt’s eating and drinking.

Question 14

What is the flow range and FLO2 for a simple mask?

Answer 14

A simple mask runs from 5-8 L/min with a FlO2 of 40%.

Question 15

what is FIO2 and what units is it measured in?

Answer 15

FLO2 is simply the term used to describe the amount of oxygen concentrated in a gas mixture and is typically admined through oxygentation devices such as nasal cannula and face masks.

FIO2 is typically measured on basis of 1L/min.

Question 16

What FIO2 % is considered room air?

Answer 16

21%

Question 17

What is an advantage to Face Mask admin of oxygen?

Answer 17

Simple face masks are sealed to the face and therefore oxygen is confined to the mask and more readily available to pt.

Question 18

What are disadvantages to Partial Rebreather masks?

Answer 18

Once again, this partial rebreather face masks require a tight seal to the face and in this case hinder not only eating and drinking, but talking as well.

Question 19

What is the range and FIO2 of a partial rebreather face mask?

Answer 19

with an FIO2 of 50-75% partial rebreather masks range from 8-11 L/min.

Question 20

Describe the anatomy and function of a partial rebreather bag?

Answer 20

A partial rebreather looks much the same as a simple face mask, but includes a resevior bag. This bag must stay inflated through inspiration and expiration as Liter flow is dependent on this. As well as CO2 is left to vent through exhalation ports, which means that flaps at the side of the mask must be removed for it to function properly.

Question 21

What is the L/Min range and FIO2 of a Non-Rebreather mask?

Answer 21

10-15L/min and delivers oxygen at the highest rate which is 100%

Question 22

what is the FIO2 of a Venturi Mask?

Answer 22

24-40%

Question 23

What are special considerations when it comes to oxygentation through a Venturi mask.

Answer 23

You always should write the L/min flow on the mask as well as monitor the valves to ensure that they match the L/min flow being admined and that they are not occluded.

Question 24

What is the L/min flow and FIO2 of each Venturi valve.

Answer 24

Blue= 2-4 L/min at 24%
White= 4-6L/min at 28%
Orange= 6-8 L/min at 31%
Yellow= 8-10 L/min at 35%
Red= 10-12 L/min at 40%
Green= 12-15 L/min at 60%

Question 25

What are disadvantages to a Venturi face mask?

Answer 25

Venturi’s are also known for hindering eating, drinking, talking, and ports can be occluded by blankets/covers.

Question 26

Which face mask is considered the most accurate and effective method for oxygenation through non invasive means?

Answer 26

The Venturi face mask!

Question 27

What is the range for fluid intake in the case of respiratory/ airway maitenence patients? Why?

Answer 27

1500-2000 mL/day because not only are we attempting to keet the body hydrated due to the natural dryness that occurs with oxygentation, but also because it helps break down mucus build up so that it van be expelled from the body.

Question 28

What levels of Humidification for oxygen therapy? Why is humidification important?

Answer 28

Humidification should be put into place for flow rates >4-5 L/min. This is important because humidified and warmed air sticks better to the lungs and promotes deep breathing that will act to hopefully improve pt. breathing status.

Question 29

What respiratory conditions put patients at most risk in the case of surgical procedures?

Answer 29

Atelectasis, COPD, Pnuemonia, and Asthma.

Question 30

Describe Atelectasis.

Question 31

Desccribe Pneumonia.

Question 32

Describe Asthma.

Question 33

Describe COPD.

Question 34

Describe Chronic Bronchitis.

Question 35

Describe Emphysema.

Question 36

Should you limit oxygen delivery in regards to COPD and Oxygen?

Answer 36

NO! In fact you should treat symptoms and O2 saturation like any other patient.

Question 37

Describe OSA.