Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Exam 3 Oncology > Flashcards

Exam 3 Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Osteosarcoma =

A

= most common primary bone tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteosarcoma

1) Occurs where? why?
2) Area that is most common?
3) Cause =

A

1) Growth plate, bc of high proliferation
2) femur
3) some genetic predisposition (lethromany syndrome-devastating genetic mutation that will result in many cancers in their life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

S/S of Osteosarcoma (2)

  • Sudden ____ may be a sign*
  • X ray =
A

1) Pain that worsens with activity, constant but sharper w movement
2) Swelling, Tenderness with palpation

  • fracture
  • “sunburst appearance”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leukemia =

2

A

= cancer of the blood

1) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
2) Acute Non-Lymphocytic (Myloid) Leukemia (AML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia =

Overgrowth of lymphoblasts ->

A

= overproduction of lymphoblasts (immature wbc’s) in bone marrow

-> push out all other normal blood cells -> decreased rbc’s, platelets, wbc (that are mature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of Leukemia

1) Leukemia is the ___ common form of childhood cancer
2) ALL is ___ common type of leukemia
3) Id____
4) Increased risk for children with?*

A

1) Most
2) Most
3) Idiopathic
4) Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S/S of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (6)

A
  • Fever
  • Frequent Infection
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Altered CBC -> low h/h, high wbc (but immature so not doing anything to prevent infection)
  • Bone pain bc so much activity (lymphoblasts)
  • Unintentional weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (AML) =

Etiology = __ most common form of childhood cancer, incidence increases w ____*

A

= overproduction of immature WBCs which interfere with production of normal cells

2nd, AGE*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (AML)

  • ____ presentation and tx to ALL, but ___ survival rate
  • will mostly likely need?
A
  • Similar, Lower

- bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S/S of AML (5)

A
  • Viral Picture
  • Frequent fever, infection
  • Abnormal CBC
  • Unintenional weight loss
  • Pale skin, Fatigue, (anemia) Easy Bruising (low platelets)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lymphomas =
(2)

Lymphocytes =

A

Cancer that starts in the lymph nodes as opposed to other cancers which may move to lymph nodes

Hodgkins Lymphoma
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma

= type of wbc (leukocyte) responsible for immune responses - T cells, B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hodgkins Disease =

Hallmark of Illness = *

  • Starts w ____ then ->
  • Usually in what age?
A

= Malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes, Mature B cells become malignant - abnormal cell growth

Reed Sternberg Cell (large cell with multiple nuclei)

  • one lymph node, then spreads
  • teens, young adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S/S of Hodgkin’s Disease (5)

A
  • Painless lump
  • Enlarged Gland
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Night Sweats*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma =

A

= Group of malignant tumors of B or T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Etiology*

A
  • Unknown, but thought to be some genetic risk

- EBV is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma (B cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/S of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (3)

Location Dependent (5)

A
  • Enlarged Lymph Nodes
  • Night Sweats
  • Unintentional weight loss

1) Lung = cough, difficulty breathing
2) Abdominal pain
3) Vomiting
4) Urinary difficulties
5) Headache (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nervous System Tumors (2)

A

Brain Tumors

Neuroblastoma

18
Q

Brain Tumors =

  • Most common ___ tumor
  • ____ etiology
A

= benign or malignant mass found in the brain

  • Solid
  • Unknown
19
Q

S/S of Brain Tumors =

5

A

= increased ICP

  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Ataxia*
  • Bulging fontanels
  • Personality changes
  • Increased falls
20
Q

Neuroblastoma =

Often starts where?

A

= overproduction of neuroblasts in the bone marrow; neuroblasts = embryonic cell from which nerve fibers orginate

  • In adrenal glands
21
Q

S/S of Neuroblastoma (2)

Location Dependent

1) Abdomen (2)
2) Chest (1)
3) Bone (2)
4) Facial (1)
5) Spinal Cord (2)

A
  • Fever
  • Unintentional weight loss

1) usually starts here bc starts in adrenal gland: swelling, constipation
2) Difficulty breathing
3) Pain, limping
4) abnormal eye movements
5) weakness, movement issues

22
Q

Old Solid Tumors (1)

A

Retinoblastoma

23
Q

Retinoblastoma =

Cause is often ______
Screen in what age?

A

= Malignant Glioma of the Retina

Hereditary
Young children, infants

24
Q

S/S of Retinoblastoma

A

1) Leukocoria
- white glow in pupil
- no red eye reflex
2) Strabismus
3) Abnormal eye deviation

25
Q

General Oncologic Nursing Interventions (3)

A

1) Blood draws
2) Give Antibiotics, Antifungals
3) Teaching

26
Q

Why do we draw blood?

A

To makes sure labs are at a certain threshold before giving chemo/other tx

27
Q

Why do we give antibiotics/antifungals?

- Obtain what before administering?

A

Prophylactically bc chemo suppresses immune system

- blood culture

28
Q 
Teaching about 
1) Alopecia = 
2) A\_\_\_\_ = teach s/s
3) C\_\_\_\_\_/D\_\_\_\_\_ dt chemo 
4) Extravasation = 
5 Oral m\_\_\_\_\_ =
A

1) Hair Loss
2) Anemia
3) Constipation/Diarrhea
4) Drug leakage of chemo into tissues
5) Mucositis = ulceration, inflammation of mucous membranes of GI tract

29
Q

Education about Constipation (3)

A
  • Lots of Fluids
  • High Fiber foods
  • Avoid bananas, cheese
30
Q

Education about Diarrhea (3)

A
  • Drink lots of fluids
  • Eat bananas, potatoes (for potassium)
  • Lay down after eating to slow digestion
31
Q

Education about Mucositis (4)

A
  • Soft tooth brush
  • Mouthwash with lidocaine
  • Pain meds
  • Avoid hot, spicy foods
32
Q

Education about Neutropenia (2)

Thrombocytopenia =

A
  • Wash hands
  • Go to ED for fever

= decreased platelets

33
Q

Education about N/V

1) _____ at home
2) ____, __ to digest foods
3) ____ feedings out
4) Meds (3)

A

1) Antiemetics
2) Soft, easy
3) Spread
4) Ativan, benadryl, zofran

34
Q

Oncologic Tx (6)

A

1) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
2) Radiation therapy
3) Surgery
4) Transfusion
5) Venous access devices
6) Chemo

35
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation =

  • treats l____, l____ and others
  • Bone marrow can be from (3)
A

= cells from bone marrow are given to help bone marrow function return

  • lymphoma, leukemia
  • patient, donor, stem cells from umbilical cord blood
36
Q

Radiation Therapy =

  • ___ sometimes necessary, why?
  • most often used for ___ tumors, ___ tumors
A

= high energy x-rays to cancerous regions

  • sedation, don’t want pt to move bc need to target one area
  • solid, brain
37
Q

Chemotherapy

  • Kills ____ and ____ cells
  • Know ____ with other _-____
  • Storage, schedule, monitoring
A
  • cancer, and normal

- compatability w IV fluids

38
Q

Surgery =

  • Often used for __-____ masses
  • can do __-____ to __ tumor before removal

Venous Access Devices =

A

= surgical removal of tumor

  • non-cancerous
  • neo-adjuvant, shrink

= Central lines inserted

39
Q

Transfusion of blood/blood products

1) Types of blood products = (4)
2) Know institutional _____
3) Monitor closely for ____
- Signs of reaction (7)

A

1) whole blood, packed RBCs, Platelets, Plasma
2) policy
3) reaction
- Back/chest pain, hypotension, fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, rash

40
Q

Nursing Diagnoses for Hematologic + Oncologic Disorders

A
  • Risk for knowledge deficit
  • Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
  • Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
  • At risk for infection
  • Risk for impaired coping mechanism

Pediatrics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions