Exam 3 Oncology Flashcards
Osteosarcoma =
= most common primary bone tumor
Osteosarcoma
1) Occurs where? why?
2) Area that is most common?
3) Cause =
1) Growth plate, bc of high proliferation
2) femur
3) some genetic predisposition (lethromany syndrome-devastating genetic mutation that will result in many cancers in their life)
S/S of Osteosarcoma (2)
- Sudden ____ may be a sign*
- X ray =
1) Pain that worsens with activity, constant but sharper w movement
2) Swelling, Tenderness with palpation
- fracture
- “sunburst appearance”
Leukemia =
2
= cancer of the blood
1) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
2) Acute Non-Lymphocytic (Myloid) Leukemia (AML)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia =
Overgrowth of lymphoblasts ->
= overproduction of lymphoblasts (immature wbc’s) in bone marrow
-> push out all other normal blood cells -> decreased rbc’s, platelets, wbc (that are mature)
Causes of Leukemia
1) Leukemia is the ___ common form of childhood cancer
2) ALL is ___ common type of leukemia
3) Id____
4) Increased risk for children with?*
1) Most
2) Most
3) Idiopathic
4) Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)
S/S of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (6)
- Fever
- Frequent Infection
- Lymphadenopathy
- Altered CBC -> low h/h, high wbc (but immature so not doing anything to prevent infection)
- Bone pain bc so much activity (lymphoblasts)
- Unintentional weight loss
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (AML) =
Etiology = __ most common form of childhood cancer, incidence increases w ____*
= overproduction of immature WBCs which interfere with production of normal cells
2nd, AGE*
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (AML)
- ____ presentation and tx to ALL, but ___ survival rate
- will mostly likely need?
- Similar, Lower
- bone marrow transplant
S/S of AML (5)
- Viral Picture
- Frequent fever, infection
- Abnormal CBC
- Unintenional weight loss
- Pale skin, Fatigue, (anemia) Easy Bruising (low platelets)
Lymphomas =
(2)
Lymphocytes =
Cancer that starts in the lymph nodes as opposed to other cancers which may move to lymph nodes
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma
= type of wbc (leukocyte) responsible for immune responses - T cells, B cells
Hodgkins Disease =
Hallmark of Illness = *
- Starts w ____ then ->
- Usually in what age?
= Malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes, Mature B cells become malignant - abnormal cell growth
Reed Sternberg Cell (large cell with multiple nuclei)
- one lymph node, then spreads
- teens, young adults
S/S of Hodgkin’s Disease (5)
- Painless lump
- Enlarged Gland
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Night Sweats*
Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma =
= Group of malignant tumors of B or T lymphocytes
Etiology*
- Unknown, but thought to be some genetic risk
- EBV is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma (B cells)
S/S of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (3)
Location Dependent (5)
- Enlarged Lymph Nodes
- Night Sweats
- Unintentional weight loss
1) Lung = cough, difficulty breathing
2) Abdominal pain
3) Vomiting
4) Urinary difficulties
5) Headache (CNS)
Nervous System Tumors (2)
Brain Tumors
Neuroblastoma
Brain Tumors =
- Most common ___ tumor
- ____ etiology
= benign or malignant mass found in the brain
- Solid
- Unknown
S/S of Brain Tumors =
5
= increased ICP
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Ataxia*
- Bulging fontanels
- Personality changes
- Increased falls
Neuroblastoma =
Often starts where?
= overproduction of neuroblasts in the bone marrow; neuroblasts = embryonic cell from which nerve fibers orginate
- In adrenal glands
S/S of Neuroblastoma (2)
Location Dependent
1) Abdomen (2)
2) Chest (1)
3) Bone (2)
4) Facial (1)
5) Spinal Cord (2)
- Fever
- Unintentional weight loss
1) usually starts here bc starts in adrenal gland: swelling, constipation
2) Difficulty breathing
3) Pain, limping
4) abnormal eye movements
5) weakness, movement issues
Old Solid Tumors (1)
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma =
Cause is often ______
Screen in what age?
= Malignant Glioma of the Retina
Hereditary
Young children, infants
S/S of Retinoblastoma
1) Leukocoria
- white glow in pupil
- no red eye reflex
2) Strabismus
3) Abnormal eye deviation
