Exam 3 - Obesity I Flashcards
Describe the term PREVALENCE in relation to obesity
- The total number of existing cases of a disease/condition in a given population at a designated time
- Eg: amount of people in a room having their period right now
Describe the term ODDS RATIO in relation to obesity
- A way of comparing whether the probability of a certain even is the same for two groups
- Odds ratio = 1 - implies the event is equally likely in both groups
- Odds ratio > 1 - implies the event is more likely in the first group
Describe the rise of obesity rates in US
- 1980 - no state had adult obesity rate > 15%
- 1991 - no state had adult obesity rate > 20%
- 2010 - no state had adult obesity rate < 20%
- 2015 - 22 states have rates >30%; 4 states > 45%
Which age group has the most obesity in US?
40-59; more women than men
Who is the most likely to have extreme obesity (BMI>40) in US men?
Does not differ by age, race, smoking status or education
** Does differ by age and race in women; not by smoking or education
•• More women than men BMI>40
What percent of children are obese according to 2015-2016 NHANES data? How has this changed in recent years?
18.5% obese (BMI>95th %ile)
It hasn’t changed; BUT significant increase in extreme obesity (BMI>120%)
Describe body fat percent
The amount of adipose tissue in your body as a percentage of total body weight
Describe ESSENTIAL FAT. What is its purpose? Where is it? How much do men and women have?
Needed for normal physiologic functioning
- Stored in small amounts in bone marrow, heart, lung, liver, spleen, etc
- Men - 3% total body fat is essential
- Women - 12% (bc includes fat in breasts, pelvis, and thighs that support repro process)
Give the body fat percentages for men and women in the RISKY (HIGH BODY FAT) body fat rating
Men: >30%
Women: >40%
Give the body fat percentages for men and women in the EXCESS FAT body fat rating
Men: 21-30%
Women: 31-40%
Give the body fat percentages for men and women in the MODERATELY LEAN body fat rating
Men: 13-20%
Women: 23-30%
Give the body fat percentages for men and women in the LEAN body fat rating
Men: 9-12%
Women: 19-22%
Give the body fat percentages for men and women in the ULTRA LEAN body fat rating
Men: 5-8%
Women: 15-18%
Give the body fat percentages for men and women in the RISKY (LOW BODY FAT) body fat rating
Men: <5%
Women: <15%
BMI for Underweight category
<18.5
BMI for Normal category
18.5-24.9
BMI for OVERWEIGHT category. How does a normal vs large WC affect disease risk in this?
Overweight: 25.0-29.9
•Normal (Men <40”; Women<35”): Increased
• Large (Men >40”; Women>35”): High
BMI for OBESE I category. How does a normal vs large WC affect disease risk in this?
Obese I: 30.0-34.9
• Normal (Men <40”; Women<35”): High
• Large (Men >40”; Women>35”): Very high
BMI for OBESE II category. How does a normal vs large WC affect disease risk in this?
Obese II: 35.0-39.9
• Normal (Men <40”; Women<35”): Very high
• Large (Men >40”; Women>35”): Very high
BMI for EXTREMELY OBESE category. How does a normal vs large WC affect disease risk in this?
Extremely obese: >40
• Normal (Men <40”; Women<35”): Extremely high
• Large (Men >40”; Women>35”): Extremely ery high
Describe some limitations of BMI
- Very muscular people may fall into “overweight” category
- People who lost muscle mass (like elderly) may be in “healthy weight” category
- May not detect edema
- Assumes adipose tissue is distributed evenly over body (apple vs pear)
*Useful as general guideline, not as diagnostic of person’s health
Describe CT imaging in measuring body fat distribution
Can be used to identify lean mass and visceral adipose tissue
•Shows cross-sectional slices distinguishing bone, muscle, and adipose tissue and calculate the cross-sectional areas
Describe MRI imaging in measuring body fat distribution
- No exposure to radiation
- More $$, but give cleaner, 3D diagnosis
- Can discern between visceral and subcutaneous fat
Describe DXA imaging in measuring body fat distribution
• Does not discriminate well btwn visceral and subcutaneous fat, but can esimate
