EXAM 3 Neurocognitive D/os

Question 1

Most common neurocognitive disorder (dementia/delirium) in aging

Answer 1

Depression and anxiety

Question 2

What can mimic the early stages of alzheimers

Answer 2

Depression

Question 3

Alzheimers disease

Answer 3

Progressive(slow)
(intellectual decline, disorientation, delusion, judgement, impulse, ability to do ADLs)

Question 4

Alzheimers biomarkers

Answer 4

Amylodi plaques

Neurofibrillary tangles

Loss connection of neurons

Question 5

Alzheimers RF

Answer 5

Age
Family hx
Head injury
Down syndrome

Question 6

Alzheimers stages

Mild
Moderate
Severe

Answer 6

Mild: memory lapse, misplace items, able to do ADLs

ModerateL dorgetting events of ones hx, difficulty performing tasks

Severe: assistence required for ADLs, loss of all ability to move

Question 7

Lewy body

Progresses how
Early appearance of what two things
What is common
Detailed what/ common during what time

Answer 7

Rapid progression

Early appearance of visual hallucinations and parkinsons features

Depression/delusions common

Detailed hallucinations featuring friends and pets (common at night)

Question 8

Lewy body highly sensitve to what meds causing what symptoms

Answer 8

Antipsychotics

Causing EPS effects

Question 9

Huntingtons disease

Answer 9

Abnormal involuntary movements

Decline thinking

Irritable/aggressive

100% develope dementia

Question 10

Prion disease
Creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Answer 10

Eating meat from mad cow disease cattle

Death within 2 years

Problems with corrdination, rapid progessing dementia

Question 11

Frontotemporal lobe d/o

Answer 11

Shrinking of frontal and temporal love

Spatial/memory stay intace

Judgement impaired

RAPID progrssion

Survival 2-10 years

Question 12

What frontotemporal lobe d/o looks like

Answer 12

Impulsive
Apathetic
Increased interest in sex
Loss of speech
Difficulty using and understanding written language

Question 13

Dementia intercentions

Answer 13

Structured schedule
Safe wandering areas
Clocks/calanders
Reiniscence
Personal items
Family involves
Validation.redirection
Use pt name
NO BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATIONS
Limit # of choices

Question 14

NCD pharm tx classes

Answer 14

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Memantine HCL

Other meds

Question 15

Cholinesterate inhibior

Med names (route)
What it does
Use

Answer 15

Donepezil
Rivastigmine (patch)
Galantamine

Increases acetylcholine

Mild-mod alzheimers

Question 16

Cholinesterase inhibitors
Donepezi, rivastigmine, galantamine

-SEs
-cautions

Answer 16

Se: N/V/D, bradycardia, syncope

Caution w: asthma/COPD (bronchoconstrictor

Question 17

Memantine HCL (namenda)

Med names
Does what
Used for
SEs

Answer 17

NMDA/glutamate

Blocks can (slows down brain-cell death)

Mod-severe AD

SEs: dizziness,HA,confusion, constipation

Question 18

SSRIS use
Antianxiety use
Antipsychotics are last resort bc

Answer 18

SSRIs = depression
Antianx = agitation

Antipsy = last resort due to SE (EPS)

Question 19

Delirium

Progresses how

S/s

Answer 19

Rapid progression

Distractibile
Emotionally unstable
Impaired reasoning/memory
Illusions/hallucnations
Interruption of sleep-wake cycle

Question 20

Two things that can cause delirium

Answer 20

Lack of sleep
UTI

Question 21

Delirium tx

Answer 21

Depends on cause

Benzo(antianxiety)
Antipsychotic

Symptoms are abrupt

Remain with pt

Question 22

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Cause
S/s

Answer 22

Thymn deficiency

Amnesia
Agitatation, anger
Confabulation of memories
Delirium and disorientation

Question 23

Dementia vs depression

Answer 23

Dementia: gradual onset, forget
-cant go away

Depression: something triggeres it, self depriciating, not wandering
-no signs of aphasia (speech), apraxia (movement, key in dorr), agnosia (recognizing common things, cats, dogs)

Question 24

Self-care to prevent dementia

Answer 24

No smoking
Protect heat from injury
Exercise
Immunizations