Exam 3 Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

1. In the peripheral nervous system, which cells myelinate axons?
   a. Microglia
   b. Schwann cells
   c. Oligodendrocytes
   d. Astrocytes

Answer 1

b. Schwann Cells

Question 2

Damage to a CNS axon leads to progressive degeneration of the distal axon as well as
a. Major downstream or postsynaptic connections
b. Major presynaptic connections
c. Myelin around the axon
d. All of the above

Answer 2

d. all of the above

Question 3

Central nervous system axons
a. Regenerate better than peripheral axons
b. Regenerate more poorly than peripheral axons
c. Regenerate quicker than peripheral axons
d. Regenerate in the opposite direction of the lesion

Answer 3

b. Regenerate more poorly than peripheral axons

Question 4

Regarding the regeneration of a damaged axon, Schwann cells
a. Prevent growth
b. Impair growth
c. Promote growth
d. Eat babies

Answer 4

Promote Growth

Question 5

What is a likely source of signals preventing central axon regeneration?
a. Schwann cells
b. Oligodendrocytes
c. Osteoblasts
d. Stem cells

Answer 5

b. Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

Which is the prototypical mechanism of degradation that results from axon injury?
a.Hebbian degeneration
b.Wallerian degeneration
c.Microglial degeneration
d. Oligodegeneratoin

Answer 6

b.Wallerian degeneration

Question 7

What functions as the coincidence detector for classical conditioning in Aplysia?
a. NMDA receptors
b. AMPA receptors
c. Adenyl Cyclase
d. Phospholipase C

Answer 7

C. adenyl cyclase

Question 8

Sensitization requires modification of the sensory neuron synaptic terminal by which of the following?
a. Sensory neuron
b. Motor neuron
c. Facilitating interneuron
d. Mantle

Answer 8

c. Facilitating interneuron

Question 9

Activation of PKC by the Gq pathway requires
a. Activation of Adenylyl Cyclase
b. Activation of Phospholipase C
c. Binding of glutamate
d. Action potential broadening

Answer 9

b. Activation of Phospholipase C

Question 10

Which of the following is necessary to activate PKC in Aplysia during sensitization?
a. Diacyl glycerol
b. Phosphatidyl serine
c. Phosphatidyl inositol biphosphate
d. All of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Question 11

Mossy fiber LTP requires activation of which:
a. NMDA receptors
b. AMPA receptors
c. PKA
d. CamKII

Answer 11

c. PKA

Question 12

Mossy fiber LTP can be induced by
a.Carefully timing presynaptic spikes with post-synaptic spikes
b. Tetanic presynaptic stimulation
c. It can’t be induced
d. All of the above

Answer 12

b. Tetanic presynaptic stimulation

Question 13

Which of the following cellular processes are hypothesized to be cellular correlates of memory
a. LTP
b. LTZ
c. LTD
d. Both a and c

Answer 13

d. Both a and c

Question 14

LTP is the Schaffer collateral and the direct perforant pathway differs in the presence of which of the following mechanisms?
a. L-type calcium channel
b. Shaker potassium channels
c. Calmodulin
d. NMDA receptor

Answer 14

a. L-type calcium channel

Question 15

Which of the following is a possible condition for the induction of NMDA-dependent LTP?
a. High-frequency stimulation of presynaptic neurons
b. Low-frequency stimulation of presynaptic neurons
c. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors
d. None of the above

Answer 15

a. High-frequency stimulation of presynaptic neurons

Question 16

Regarding spike-timing-dependent plasticity, where cell A is presynaptic to cell B, which of the following scenarios would result in strong LTD (long-term depression)?
a. Cell B consistently firing immediately before cell A
b. Cell A consistently firing immediately before cell B
c. Cell B intermittently fires long before cell A
d. Cell A intermittently fires long before cell B

Answer 16

a. Cell B consistently firing immediately before cell A

Question 17

Regarding the binomial distribution, what changes as a result of mossy fiber LTP?
a. n
b. p
c. Q
d. X
e. None of the above

Answer 17

a. n

Question 18

Regarding the binomial distribution, what changes as a result of Schaffer Collateral LTP?
a. n
b. p
c. Q
d. X
e. None of the above

Answer 18

e. none of the above

Question 19

Phosphorylation of AMPA receptors by PKC results in
a. Insertion of new AMPA receptors into the membrane
b. Removal of AMPA receptors from the membrane
c. Insertion of NMDA receptors into the membrane
d. Inactivation of NMDA receptors

Answer 19

a. insertion of new AMPA receptors into the membrane

Question 20

At resting potential, in which direction will sodium flow if an ion channel specific to it is opened?
a. Into the cell
b. Out of the cell
c. No net flow

Answer 20

a. into the cell

Question 21

At resting potential, in which direction will chloride flow if an ion channel specific to it is opened?
a. Into the cell
b. Out of cell
c. No net flow

Answer 21

a. into the cell

Question 22

Which ion flows with its electrical gradient?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. None of these

Answer 22

a. Sodium

Question 23

Which ion flows against its concentration gradient?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. None of the above

Answer 23

b.potassium

Question 24

For an average neuron, where can an action potential be initiated?
a. Only at the axon hillock
b. Only at the axon initial segment
c. Only at the axon internodes
d. Anywhere on the neuron

Answer 24

d. anywhere on the neuron