Exam 3 Material Flashcards
Whose research links non-musculoskeletal (visceral) effects with spinal joint dysfunction?
Korrs
All of the following are the same condition EXCEPT
- Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- Complex regional pain syndrome
- Reflexalgia
- Causalgia
Reflexalgia
What term refers to complete transection of the nerve where recovery is unlikely without surgical nerve repair?
Neurotemesis
Axoplasmic transport that moves substances towards the cell body is termed ___
Retrograde axoplasmic transport
Which of the following is correct regarding the effects of immobilization degeneration on the nucleus pulposis of the IVD?
- Decrease in osteophyte formation
- Increase in waste removal from the disc
- Loss of fluid exchange through the endplates
- Increase in disc height
Loss of fluid exchange through the endplates
Which idea assumes that pain/disability is a complex physical and subjective phenomenon that consists of a host of factors?
Biopsychosocial model of pain
Which of the following refers to pain resulting from stimuli that are normally painless?
- Nociception
- Allodynia
- Hypoalgesia
- Hyperalgesia
Allodynia
What is allodynia?
Pain resulting from stimuli that are normally painless
Spinal joint lesions that may trigger facilitation induced reflexes that impair or disturb visceral function describes which hypothesis (reflex)?
Somatovisceral
The ___ model of patient care places the patient first and acknowledges that people with similar presentations may not need the same treatment
biopsychosocial
What is the term for increased excitability of nociceptive neurons in the CNS?
Central sensitization
Vascular compression can lead to which of the following? (all that apply)
- Increase waste removal
- Swelling and increased pressure
- Venous congestion
- Microvalvular or focal ischemia
- Venous congestion
- Microvalvular or focal ischemia
The 3 stages of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) include…
- Dystrophic
- Acute
- Atrophic
Which blood vessels are responsible for venous drainage of the spine?
Baston’s plexus
According to Crenlins research the nerve roots occupy at most ___% of the foraminal space
50%
Vitalism refers to…
the healing power of nature
_____ is a state of optimal well being including spiritual, physical, mental, emotional and environmental
Health
A segmental joint dysfunction having a reflexive sympathetic effect on the digestive function would be an example of which type of reflex?
Somatovisceral
What is the term for a localized conduction block with intact axons, usually resulting a contusion injury?
Neuropraxian
What is defined as an “imbalance in afferents input such that there is an increase in nociceptor input and a decrease in mechanoreceptor input”?
Dysafferentation
Which three of the following are thought to contribute to the sensitization of local nociceptors?
- Lipase
- Histamine
- Substance P
- Bradykinin
- Histamine
- Substance P
- Bradykinin
(not lipase)
The transport of proteins, glycoproteins, and neurotransmitters may be altered in cases in which the spinal roots or nerves are compressed or irritated by subluxation or facilitation.
Which hypothesis is this associated with?
Axoplasmic aberration hypothesis
Restoring motion to a motion segment could have a direct influence on the intrinsic vascular system by which of the following? (all that apply)
- Restoration of normal vascular function
- Increasing venous stasis
- Removing mechanical compression on vessels
- Clearing out inflammatory exudates
- Resorption of normal vascular function
- Removing mechanical compression on vessels
- Clearing out inflammatory exudates
___ can result from a crushing injury in which the axon is served, but the endoneurium remains intact
Axonotemesis
Which of the following are stages in the general adaptation syndrome? (all that apply)
- Resistance
- Acute
- Exhaustion
- Dystrophic
- Resistance
- Exhaustion
Which model looks at a patient as a whole rather than as a collection of separate parts?
Holism
Changes to cartilage during immobilization include a decrease in ___
decrease in proteoglycans
Which of the following is characterized by stabilization and immobilization?
- VSC phase 3
- VSC phase 1
- VSC phase 2
- VSC phase 4
VSC phase 3
Radicular symptoms can be produced by which of the following? (all that apply)
- Vascular insufficiency
- Radiculitis
- Disc herniation
- Edema
- Radiculitis
- Disc herniation
- Edema
General adaptation syndrome is associated with which researcher?
Seyle
Which of the following is NOT correct about the changes to synovial fluid during immobilization?
- Strands of fibrin precipitate
- Precipitate can become a matric for adhesions
- Undergoes fiber fatty consolidation
- Decreases in viscosity
Decreases in viscosity (not correct)
Which stage of general adaptation syndrome is associated with fatigue, anxiety, and depression?
Exhaustion
Partial or total fixation or immobilization of the spinal joints, especially when combined with trauma, commonly promotes pro-inflammatory changes in cartilage and disc destruction, and osteophytic and architectural changes.
What is the term for this?
Immobilization degeneration
Who proposed that nerve irritation causes hyperfunction and pain while nerve compression reduces nerve energy?
DD palmer
Intervertebral subluxations may interfere with the normal nerve transmission of nerve energy i.e. action potential, and other associated neural phenomenon by irritating or compressing the spinal nerve roots.
Which hypothesis is this?
Neuropathology hypothesis
____ is/ are associated with elements important to nerves growth (trophic factor)
(transport or reflexes)
Anterograde axonal transport
Polymodal nociceptors can be activated by which types of stimulation?
- Mechanical
- Thermal
- Chemical
All of the above
- Mechanical
- Thermal
- Chemical
The initial fiber that is damaged in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is/are:
C fibers
Spinal joint tensions may, through largely sympathetically mediated influences, modify specific, and nonspecific immune responses and alter trophic functions of the involved nerves.
This describes which idea?
Neurodystrophic Hypothesis
Which of the following is NOT true about patient centered care?
- Procedures are tailored to the patient
- The doctor patient relationship is intertwined with the procedures
- The patient takes a passive role
- The patient needs guide during the encounter
The patient takes a passive role (not true)
Which of the following is not associated with disease model of patient care?
- Proactive
- Symptom based
- Mechanistic
- Reactive
Proactive (not associated)
Who was one of the first to use the term Immobilization Degeneration to describe the process?
Lantz
True or False:
Peripheral nerves are more predisposed to irritation or compression than nerve roots
False
True or False:
Larger fibers are more susceptible to compression than smaller fibers of the same type
True
Axoplasmic elements responsible for nerve growth use ____ transport
anterograde
