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Chiropractic Theories > Exam 3 Material > Flashcards

Exam 3 Material Flashcards

1
Q

Whose research links non-musculoskeletal (visceral) effects with spinal joint dysfunction?

A

Korrs

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2
Q

All of the following are the same condition EXCEPT

  • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
  • Complex regional pain syndrome
  • Reflexalgia
  • Causalgia
A

Reflexalgia

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3
Q

What term refers to complete transection of the nerve where recovery is unlikely without surgical nerve repair?

A

Neurotemesis

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4
Q

Axoplasmic transport that moves substances towards the cell body is termed ___

A

Retrograde axoplasmic transport

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5
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding the effects of immobilization degeneration on the nucleus pulposis of the IVD?

  • Decrease in osteophyte formation
  • Increase in waste removal from the disc
  • Loss of fluid exchange through the endplates
  • Increase in disc height
A

Loss of fluid exchange through the endplates

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6
Q

Which idea assumes that pain/disability is a complex physical and subjective phenomenon that consists of a host of factors?

A

Biopsychosocial model of pain

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7
Q

Which of the following refers to pain resulting from stimuli that are normally painless?

  • Nociception
  • Allodynia
  • Hypoalgesia
  • Hyperalgesia
A

Allodynia

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8
Q

What is allodynia?

A

Pain resulting from stimuli that are normally painless

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9
Q

Spinal joint lesions that may trigger facilitation induced reflexes that impair or disturb visceral function describes which hypothesis (reflex)?

A

Somatovisceral

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10
Q

The ___ model of patient care places the patient first and acknowledges that people with similar presentations may not need the same treatment

A

biopsychosocial

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11
Q

What is the term for increased excitability of nociceptive neurons in the CNS?

A

Central sensitization

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12
Q

Vascular compression can lead to which of the following? (all that apply)

  • Increase waste removal
  • Swelling and increased pressure
  • Venous congestion
  • Microvalvular or focal ischemia
A
  • Venous congestion
  • Microvalvular or focal ischemia
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13
Q

The 3 stages of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) include…

A
  • Dystrophic
  • Acute
  • Atrophic
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14
Q

Which blood vessels are responsible for venous drainage of the spine?

A

Baston’s plexus

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15
Q

According to Crenlins research the nerve roots occupy at most ___% of the foraminal space

A

50%

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16
Q

Vitalism refers to…

A

the healing power of nature

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17
Q

_____ is a state of optimal well being including spiritual, physical, mental, emotional and environmental

A

Health

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18
Q

A segmental joint dysfunction having a reflexive sympathetic effect on the digestive function would be an example of which type of reflex?

A

Somatovisceral

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19
Q

What is the term for a localized conduction block with intact axons, usually resulting a contusion injury?

A

Neuropraxian

20
Q

What is defined as an “imbalance in afferents input such that there is an increase in nociceptor input and a decrease in mechanoreceptor input”?

A

Dysafferentation

21
Q

Which three of the following are thought to contribute to the sensitization of local nociceptors?

  • Lipase
  • Histamine
  • Substance P
  • Bradykinin
A
  • Histamine
  • Substance P
  • Bradykinin

(not lipase)

22
Q

The transport of proteins, glycoproteins, and neurotransmitters may be altered in cases in which the spinal roots or nerves are compressed or irritated by subluxation or facilitation.
Which hypothesis is this associated with?

A

Axoplasmic aberration hypothesis

23
Q

Restoring motion to a motion segment could have a direct influence on the intrinsic vascular system by which of the following? (all that apply)

  • Restoration of normal vascular function
  • Increasing venous stasis
  • Removing mechanical compression on vessels
  • Clearing out inflammatory exudates
A
  • Resorption of normal vascular function
  • Removing mechanical compression on vessels
  • Clearing out inflammatory exudates
24
Q

___ can result from a crushing injury in which the axon is served, but the endoneurium remains intact

A

Axonotemesis

25
Q

Which of the following are stages in the general adaptation syndrome? (all that apply)

  • Resistance
  • Acute
  • Exhaustion
  • Dystrophic
A
  • Resistance
  • Exhaustion
26
Q

Which model looks at a patient as a whole rather than as a collection of separate parts?

A

Holism

27
Q

Changes to cartilage during immobilization include a decrease in ___

A

decrease in proteoglycans

28
Q

Which of the following is characterized by stabilization and immobilization?

  • VSC phase 3
  • VSC phase 1
  • VSC phase 2
  • VSC phase 4
A

VSC phase 3

29
Q

Radicular symptoms can be produced by which of the following? (all that apply)

  • Vascular insufficiency
  • Radiculitis
  • Disc herniation
  • Edema
A
  • Radiculitis
  • Disc herniation
  • Edema
30
Q

General adaptation syndrome is associated with which researcher?

A

Seyle

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct about the changes to synovial fluid during immobilization?

  • Strands of fibrin precipitate
  • Precipitate can become a matric for adhesions
  • Undergoes fiber fatty consolidation
  • Decreases in viscosity
A

Decreases in viscosity (not correct)

32
Q

Which stage of general adaptation syndrome is associated with fatigue, anxiety, and depression?

A

Exhaustion

33
Q

Partial or total fixation or immobilization of the spinal joints, especially when combined with trauma, commonly promotes pro-inflammatory changes in cartilage and disc destruction, and osteophytic and architectural changes.
What is the term for this?

A

Immobilization degeneration

34
Q

Who proposed that nerve irritation causes hyperfunction and pain while nerve compression reduces nerve energy?

A

DD palmer

35
Q

Intervertebral subluxations may interfere with the normal nerve transmission of nerve energy i.e. action potential, and other associated neural phenomenon by irritating or compressing the spinal nerve roots.
Which hypothesis is this?

A

Neuropathology hypothesis

36
Q

____ is/ are associated with elements important to nerves growth (trophic factor)
(transport or reflexes)

A

Anterograde axonal transport

37
Q

Polymodal nociceptors can be activated by which types of stimulation?

  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
A

All of the above

  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
38
Q

The initial fiber that is damaged in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is/are:

A

C fibers

39
Q

Spinal joint tensions may, through largely sympathetically mediated influences, modify specific, and nonspecific immune responses and alter trophic functions of the involved nerves.
This describes which idea?

A

Neurodystrophic Hypothesis

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about patient centered care?

  • Procedures are tailored to the patient
  • The doctor patient relationship is intertwined with the procedures
  • The patient takes a passive role
  • The patient needs guide during the encounter
A

The patient takes a passive role (not true)

41
Q

Which of the following is not associated with disease model of patient care?

  • Proactive
  • Symptom based
  • Mechanistic
  • Reactive
A

Proactive (not associated)

42
Q

Who was one of the first to use the term Immobilization Degeneration to describe the process?

A

Lantz

43
Q

True or False:
Peripheral nerves are more predisposed to irritation or compression than nerve roots

A

False

44
Q

True or False:
Larger fibers are more susceptible to compression than smaller fibers of the same type

A

True

45
Q

Axoplasmic elements responsible for nerve growth use ____ transport

A

anterograde

Chiropractic Theories (5 decks)

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