Exam 1 Material Flashcards
A medical subluxation is considered to be ___ and a chiropractic subluxation is considered to be ___
medical = hypermobile
chiropractic = hypomobile
In the CNS, ___ has/have been associated in the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress, neurogenesis, nausea/emesis, pain, and nociception
Substance P
What was included in DD Palmer’s causes of subluxation?
- Toxins
- Trauma
- Autosuggestion
True or False:
Histamine is often the first responder in inflammation and helps to stimulate the vascular response
True
The definition used to defend chiropractic as a separate and distinct profession during the Marikubo trial was…
joint fixation
What has been found in high concentrations in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Cytokines
Substance P is known to be a potent…
vasodilator
True or False:
According to the Herzog article on the biomechanics of spinal manipulation, EMG responses were only found when the adjustment was accompanied by an audible release
False
Who rejected the germ theory and instead focused on the subluxation as the cause of disease rather than microorganisms?
BJ Palmer
(blow joshua)
What is defined as an electrochemical signal that draws appropriate cells to an area of injury?
Chemotaxis
The chiropractic adjustment takes place within the ___ space
paraphysiologic space
True or False:
BJ Palmer utilized germ theory as an opportunity to pose chiropractic as a way to sustain health
False
Is medical subluxation hypomobile or hypermobile?
Hypermobile (partial dislocation)
DD Palmer suggested that the “tone” of the nervous is represented by…
vibratory theory
What type of inflammation is associated with angiogenesis and connective tissue proliferation?
Chronic inflammation
Who focused primarily on pelvic biomechanics in order to refine his definition of chiropractic?
Illi
Who was the first to propose the wellness model in chiropractic?
Ian Coulter
Did the textbook Modernized Chiropractic published in 1906 reinforce or weaken Palmer’s bone out of place theory?
Weakened the bone out of place theory
“Tissue and cellular responses to injury in the spine includes infiltration of histamine, protein derived factors, eicosanoids, proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, degradative enzymes, and substance P and these pre-stage development of spinal lesions” describes the ___ hypothesis
Inflammatory
Palmer’s initial theory was that ___ was the result of displacement of any body part: nerve, artery, vein, bone, ligament, or muscle
Inflammation
The idea that “luxation of bones causes disease” is associated with whom?
DD Palmer
Substance P acts when stimulated by the release of…
nitric oxide
Chronic inflammation is marked by proliferation of…
proliferation of connective tissue
According to the Herzog study on biomechanics, was an audible release occurring from slow application of pressure showing the same reflex response as a high velocity low amplitude thrust?
No, high velocity low amplitude thrust and slow application did not have the same reflex response
Can chiropractic subluxation cause nerve root compression?
No (allegedly)
Who was associated with the idea that an injured joint becomes fixated as edema develops around the capsule and tissues?
Gillet, Gillet, and Illi
Who believed that chiropractors should generate clinical data and publish clinical research?
CO Watkins
The term ___ appears in medical journals as early as 1828 to describe the idea that tenderness of a vertebra corresponded to the disease organ
spinal irritation
Who was considered to be the contemporary father of the nerve compression hypothesis and encourage manipulation to treat spinal irritation 2 years before DD Palmer was born?
Riadore
In acute inflammation, a tissue level response includes:
aggressive vascular response marked by infiltration of neutrophils and other leukocytes
What is produced by endothelial cells and macrophages during the inflammatory response?
Nitric oxide
True or False:
Joint restrictions are always identifiable on plain film radiographs
False
Did BJ Palmer’s initial criteria for a subluxation include inflammation of the surrounding tissue?
No
Substance P is regulated by which receptors in the dorsal horn?
NMDA
The idea of joint fixation or motion restriction as an explanation for chiropractic was initially presented in 1906 by which author?
Langworthy
What can be defined by “opposing surfaces resist separation until a critical point where they separate rapidly creating sustained gas cavities”?
Tribonucleation
In acute inflammation, the first mediators stimulating a vascular response are…
histamines
The HIO (hole-in-one) technique is associated with whom and what?
BJ Palmer, C1-C2 subluxation
In acute inflammation, ___ and ___ phagocytize debris and chemotaxic stimulants
neutrophils and macrophages
