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Bios 209 final > Exam 3 Material > Flashcards

Exam 3 Material Flashcards

1
Q

What is a blastula?

A

a hollow ball of cells

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2
Q

Any tree from which leaves fall seasonally

A

deciduous

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3
Q

If you see something that looks like a spider, but an entomologist is calling it a daddy longlegs, telling you it doesn’t have venom, and you can see that its abdomen is distinctly separate from its cephalothorax, it is a(n) ___________.

A

arthropod

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4
Q

a fossil of what type of protist are mined to use for filtration, abrasives, and insecticides?

A

diatoms

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5
Q

What is Flagellum

A

Bacteria’s rotating filament it uses to move

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6
Q

The cell walls of species in domain Bacteria are composed of different biochemicals than the cell walls of what?

A

Plants, fungi, archaea, protists (of those that have cell walls)

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7
Q

Evidence suggests that the very first prokaryotes were what type?

A

obligate anaerobes

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8
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Must have no oxygen

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9
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

can live with or without oxygen

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10
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

must have oxygen

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11
Q

The dominant, most visible, structure(s) in a fungal life cycle often consists of cells with multiple nuclei and each nucleus is

A

haploid

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12
Q

Which of the following is/are NOT fungi?
Mildews
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Mold
Sponges
Smut

A

Sponges

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13
Q

Just the 2 nuclei in a cell fusing, by itself is called what?

A

Karyogamy

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14
Q

Phagocytosis

A

a cell engulfs and then digests food particles

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15
Q

Which of the following produce pearls?
Annelids
Bivalves
Cephalopods
Gastropods
All of the above

A

Bivalves

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16
Q

What are flatworms also called?

A

platyhelminthes

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17
Q

Which of the following are molluscs?
Leeches
Slugs
Squids
all of the above
B&C only

A

B&C

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18
Q

Which of the following is/are insects?
Pillbug
Centipedes
Millipedes
Fleas
All of the above

A

Fleas

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19
Q

Roundworms are also called what?

A

Nematodes

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20
Q

The layer of embryonic cells called the ectoderm gives rise to what?

A

Skin and nervous tissue

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21
Q

What does gastropoda include of the animals listed below?
Clams
Earthworms
sea slugs
squids
flatworms

A

Sea Slugs

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22
Q

What does the lateral line system do?

A

allows the detection of changes in water pressure, like when a prey or predator approaches

23
Q

Which of the following are amniotes?
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles

A

Birds, Mammals, reptiles

24
Q

Bonobos, chimps, humans, gorillas, and orangutans are in what family?

A

Hominidae

25
Q

Malaria is caused by a(n)________ which is transmitted by a(n) _________.

A

Protist, mosquito

26
Q

Gametophytes make (most directly) ___________ by ____________

A

gametes, mitosis

27
Q

Feeding by adult jellyfish is best described as ____________.

A

predation

28
Q

Which of the following are closest to extant relatives of land plants?
Animals
Archaea
Bacteria
Fungi
Green Algae

A

Green Algae

29
Q

The placenta consists of what

A

both maternal and embryonic tissue

30
Q

Molecular evidence suggest that chimpanzees and bonobos

A

are the extant organisms most closely related to humans

31
Q

What is a type of horizontal gene transfer?

A

movement of DNA from one living cell that was infected by a virus to another living cell, where the second living cell acquires the DNA when it is infected but not killed by a copy of the virus that was produced by the first cell.

32
Q

Two examples that are NOT horizontal gene transfer

A

binary fusion, budding

33
Q

If you tap a puffball fungus, a powder will come out, which consists of a lot of tiny __________ which land and germinate, producing hyphae

A

spores

34
Q

To obtain energy and nutrients, fungi release digestive enzymes into their _______________

A

surroundings

35
Q

In fungi, a one or two-celled-thick thread-like structure is a ____________, and a whole mass of them is a ____________, regardless of whether it is above and/or below ground.

A

hypa, mycelium

36
Q

Invertebrates include what?

A

all animals except for the subphylum

37
Q

Where are stinging cells found?

A

in animals like sea anemones, jellyfish and corals

38
Q

In both sponges and humans, the outermost layer of cells is called the ___________

A

epidermis

39
Q

What do insects do that other bugs don’t?

A

Molt

40
Q

Nephridia and nephrons are part of a system that deals directly with _____________.

A

salt-water balance

41
Q

What does the operculum do in bony fish?

A

moving water, aiding oxygen moving in, carbon dioxide out

42
Q

How does penicillin help cure strep throat?

A

It interferes with the Streptococcus’ peptidoglycan synthesis, making its cell wall weaker

43
Q

Meristem

A

tissue in plants containing undifferentiated cells

44
Q

What is analogous to Meristem in humans?

A

stem cells

45
Q

When botanists talk about gymnosperms being naked, what do they mean?

A

They lack fruit

46
Q

When you buy a box or can of mushrooms, the mushroom’s nuclei are likely to be __________.

A

haploid

47
Q

The Gastrodermis/GVC develops from what germ layer?

A

endoderm

48
Q

The major gas exchange system of most insects is what?

A

branching tubes that air enters from holes in their sides

49
Q

Endothermic animals

A

rely on metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature

50
Q

What kind of fossils have been found in the oldest sediments?

A

fish fossils

51
Q

Which of the following are apes [lesser apes]?
Baboons
Gibbons
New World Monkeys
Old World Monkeys
Echidnas

A

Gibbons

52
Q

Among Homo sapiens, people whose ancestors descended from geographic areas with a history of reliance on milk for energy and protein are disproportionately (more) likely to have

A

the ability to produce lactase into adulthood.

53
Q

Sometimes Homo sapiens

A

rarely, but sometimes are born with tails that show (are visible externally)

Bios 209 final (4 decks)

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